How awareness changes the relative weights of evidence during human decision-making.

Human decisions are based on accumulating evidence over time for different options. Here we ask a simple question: How is the accumulation of evidence affected by the level of awareness of the information? We examined the influence of awareness on decision-making using combined behavioral methods an...

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Autores principales:	Floris P de Lange, Simon van Gaal, Victor A F Lamme, Stanislas Dehaene
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8df21e41e5924aef8464b6f4f0614eab
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8df21e41e5924aef8464b6f4f0614eab2021-11-18T05:36:53ZHow awareness changes the relative weights of evidence during human decision-making.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1001203https://doaj.org/article/8df21e41e5924aef8464b6f4f0614eab2011-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22131904/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Human decisions are based on accumulating evidence over time for different options. Here we ask a simple question: How is the accumulation of evidence affected by the level of awareness of the information? We examined the influence of awareness on decision-making using combined behavioral methods and magneto-encephalography (MEG). Participants were required to make decisions by accumulating evidence over a series of visually presented arrow stimuli whose visibility was modulated by masking. Behavioral results showed that participants could accumulate evidence under both high and low visibility. However, a top-down strategic modulation of the flow of incoming evidence was only present for stimuli with high visibility: once enough evidence had been accrued, participants strategically reduced the impact of new incoming stimuli. Also, decision-making speed and confidence were strongly modulated by the strength of the evidence for high-visible but not low-visible evidence, even though direct priming effects were identical for both types of stimuli. Neural recordings revealed that, while initial perceptual processing was independent of visibility, there was stronger top-down amplification for stimuli with high visibility than low visibility. Furthermore, neural markers of evidence accumulation over occipito-parietal cortex showed a strategic bias only for highly visible sensory information, speeding up processing and reducing neural computations related to the decision process. Our results indicate that the level of awareness of information changes decision-making: while accumulation of evidence already exists under low visibility conditions, high visibility allows evidence to be accumulated up to a higher level, leading to important strategical top-down changes in decision-making. Our results therefore suggest a potential role of awareness in deploying flexible strategies for biasing information acquisition in line with one's expectations and goals.Floris P de LangeSimon van GaalVictor A F LammeStanislas DehaenePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 9, Iss 11, p e1001203 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Floris P de Lange Simon van Gaal Victor A F Lamme Stanislas Dehaene How awareness changes the relative weights of evidence during human decision-making.
description	Human decisions are based on accumulating evidence over time for different options. Here we ask a simple question: How is the accumulation of evidence affected by the level of awareness of the information? We examined the influence of awareness on decision-making using combined behavioral methods and magneto-encephalography (MEG). Participants were required to make decisions by accumulating evidence over a series of visually presented arrow stimuli whose visibility was modulated by masking. Behavioral results showed that participants could accumulate evidence under both high and low visibility. However, a top-down strategic modulation of the flow of incoming evidence was only present for stimuli with high visibility: once enough evidence had been accrued, participants strategically reduced the impact of new incoming stimuli. Also, decision-making speed and confidence were strongly modulated by the strength of the evidence for high-visible but not low-visible evidence, even though direct priming effects were identical for both types of stimuli. Neural recordings revealed that, while initial perceptual processing was independent of visibility, there was stronger top-down amplification for stimuli with high visibility than low visibility. Furthermore, neural markers of evidence accumulation over occipito-parietal cortex showed a strategic bias only for highly visible sensory information, speeding up processing and reducing neural computations related to the decision process. Our results indicate that the level of awareness of information changes decision-making: while accumulation of evidence already exists under low visibility conditions, high visibility allows evidence to be accumulated up to a higher level, leading to important strategical top-down changes in decision-making. Our results therefore suggest a potential role of awareness in deploying flexible strategies for biasing information acquisition in line with one's expectations and goals.
format	article
author	Floris P de Lange Simon van Gaal Victor A F Lamme Stanislas Dehaene
author_facet	Floris P de Lange Simon van Gaal Victor A F Lamme Stanislas Dehaene
author_sort	Floris P de Lange
title	How awareness changes the relative weights of evidence during human decision-making.
title_short	How awareness changes the relative weights of evidence during human decision-making.
title_full	How awareness changes the relative weights of evidence during human decision-making.
title_fullStr	How awareness changes the relative weights of evidence during human decision-making.
title_full_unstemmed	How awareness changes the relative weights of evidence during human decision-making.
title_sort	how awareness changes the relative weights of evidence during human decision-making.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/8df21e41e5924aef8464b6f4f0614eab
work_keys_str_mv	AT florispdelange howawarenesschangestherelativeweightsofevidenceduringhumandecisionmaking AT simonvangaal howawarenesschangestherelativeweightsofevidenceduringhumandecisionmaking AT victoraflamme howawarenesschangestherelativeweightsofevidenceduringhumandecisionmaking AT stanislasdehaene howawarenesschangestherelativeweightsofevidenceduringhumandecisionmaking
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How awareness changes the relative weights of evidence during human decision-making.

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