Food availability, temperature, and day length drive seasonal variations in the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs in the limestone forests of Southwest Guangxi, China

Abstract Information on positional behavior contributes to the understanding of the ecological adaptation mechanisms in animals. We collected data on the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) at the Guangxi Chongzuo White‐Headed Langur National Nature Reserve fro...

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Autores principales:	Jingjin Zheng, Kechu Zhang, Jipeng Liang, Youbang Li, Zhonghao Huang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	food availability positional behavior thermoregulation white‐headed langur Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8df74a7119fd4003a58049cd894297cb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8df74a7119fd4003a58049cd894297cb2021-11-08T17:10:40ZFood availability, temperature, and day length drive seasonal variations in the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs in the limestone forests of Southwest Guangxi, China2045-775810.1002/ece3.8171https://doaj.org/article/8df74a7119fd4003a58049cd894297cb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8171https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758Abstract Information on positional behavior contributes to the understanding of the ecological adaptation mechanisms in animals. We collected data on the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) at the Guangxi Chongzuo White‐Headed Langur National Nature Reserve from September 2016 to August 2017 via instantaneous scan sampling method. This study aimed to examine the importance of positional behavior flexibility in limestone forests characterized by seasonal variations in climate and food resources. Our results indicated that langurs adopted leaping (47.92% ± 5.50%) and vertical climbing (40.13% ± 6.20%) as their predominant locomotor modes and sitting (83.08% ± 4.70%) as their predominant posture. Their positional behavior exhibited marked seasonal variations. More specifically, langurs used quadrupedal walking more frequently during the dry season than during the rainy months. In the stationary state, they sat more frequently during the dry season, whereas they laid and suspended more often during the rainy season. Their positional behavior was affected by fruit availability, day length, and temperature. Quadrupedal walking increased with the decrease in fruit availability, whereas leaping was positively correlated with fruit availability. Moreover, sitting was positively correlated with average temperature but negatively correlated with day length. Lying was also negatively correlated with temperature but positively correlated with day length. We conclude that white‐headed langurs adapt to limestone forests with positional behavior flexibility in response to seasonality. Our research provides evidence of the effects of food availability, ambient temperature, and day length on the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs, highlighting the need to understand their behavioral ecology and the influence of ecological factors on behavioral adaptation.Jingjin ZhengKechu ZhangJipeng LiangYoubang LiZhonghao HuangWileyarticlefood availabilitypositional behaviorthermoregulationwhite‐headed langurEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 21, Pp 14857-14872 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	food availability positional behavior thermoregulation white‐headed langur Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	food availability positional behavior thermoregulation white‐headed langur Ecology QH540-549.5 Jingjin Zheng Kechu Zhang Jipeng Liang Youbang Li Zhonghao Huang Food availability, temperature, and day length drive seasonal variations in the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs in the limestone forests of Southwest Guangxi, China
description	Abstract Information on positional behavior contributes to the understanding of the ecological adaptation mechanisms in animals. We collected data on the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) at the Guangxi Chongzuo White‐Headed Langur National Nature Reserve from September 2016 to August 2017 via instantaneous scan sampling method. This study aimed to examine the importance of positional behavior flexibility in limestone forests characterized by seasonal variations in climate and food resources. Our results indicated that langurs adopted leaping (47.92% ± 5.50%) and vertical climbing (40.13% ± 6.20%) as their predominant locomotor modes and sitting (83.08% ± 4.70%) as their predominant posture. Their positional behavior exhibited marked seasonal variations. More specifically, langurs used quadrupedal walking more frequently during the dry season than during the rainy months. In the stationary state, they sat more frequently during the dry season, whereas they laid and suspended more often during the rainy season. Their positional behavior was affected by fruit availability, day length, and temperature. Quadrupedal walking increased with the decrease in fruit availability, whereas leaping was positively correlated with fruit availability. Moreover, sitting was positively correlated with average temperature but negatively correlated with day length. Lying was also negatively correlated with temperature but positively correlated with day length. We conclude that white‐headed langurs adapt to limestone forests with positional behavior flexibility in response to seasonality. Our research provides evidence of the effects of food availability, ambient temperature, and day length on the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs, highlighting the need to understand their behavioral ecology and the influence of ecological factors on behavioral adaptation.
format	article
author	Jingjin Zheng Kechu Zhang Jipeng Liang Youbang Li Zhonghao Huang
author_facet	Jingjin Zheng Kechu Zhang Jipeng Liang Youbang Li Zhonghao Huang
author_sort	Jingjin Zheng
title	Food availability, temperature, and day length drive seasonal variations in the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs in the limestone forests of Southwest Guangxi, China
title_short	Food availability, temperature, and day length drive seasonal variations in the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs in the limestone forests of Southwest Guangxi, China
title_full	Food availability, temperature, and day length drive seasonal variations in the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs in the limestone forests of Southwest Guangxi, China
title_fullStr	Food availability, temperature, and day length drive seasonal variations in the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs in the limestone forests of Southwest Guangxi, China
title_full_unstemmed	Food availability, temperature, and day length drive seasonal variations in the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs in the limestone forests of Southwest Guangxi, China
title_sort	food availability, temperature, and day length drive seasonal variations in the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs in the limestone forests of southwest guangxi, china
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8df74a7119fd4003a58049cd894297cb
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Food availability, temperature, and day length drive seasonal variations in the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs in the limestone forests of Southwest Guangxi, China

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