FISHing Out the Hidden Enemy: Advances in Detecting and Measuring Latent HIV-Infected Cells

ABSTRACT The indomitable aspect of HIV-1 infection is not that HIV-1 proviral DNA is integrated into host DNA but that it can also turn itself off, remaining invisible to drug or immune surveillance. Thus, the goals of eradication include ways to precisely excise HIV-1 DNA or wake up the silent HIV-...

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Autores principales:	Vinayaka R. Prasad, Ganjam V. Kalpana
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	Eradication FISH-flow HIV-1 latency RNA FISH Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8df93d9f88414490b63659d6e9e2dae6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8df93d9f88414490b63659d6e9e2dae62021-11-15T15:51:52ZFISHing Out the Hidden Enemy: Advances in Detecting and Measuring Latent HIV-Infected Cells10.1128/mBio.01433-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/8df93d9f88414490b63659d6e9e2dae62017-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01433-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The indomitable aspect of HIV-1 infection is not that HIV-1 proviral DNA is integrated into host DNA but that it can also turn itself off, remaining invisible to drug or immune surveillance. Thus, the goals of eradication include ways to precisely excise HIV-1 DNA or wake up the silent HIV-1 provirus and eliminate the infected cells thus identified. Methods to identify and fish out the latently infected cells or to delineate their characteristics are being rapidly developed. In 2016, Baxter et al. (A. E. Baxter, J. Niessl, R. Fromentin, J. Richard, F. Porichis, R. Charlebois, M. Massanella, N. Brassard, N. Alsahafi, G. G. Delgado, J. P. Routy, B. D. Walker, A. Finzi, N. Chomont, and D. E. Kaufmann, Cell Host Microbe 20:368–380, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.07.015 ) and Martrus et al. (G. Martrus, A. Niehrs, R. Cornelis, A. Rechtien, W. García-Beltran, M. Lütgehetmann, C. Hoffmann, and M. Altfeld, J Virol 90:9018–9028, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01448-16 ) reported using the fluorescence in situ hybridization-flow cytometry technique to identify and quantify cells expressing HIV-1 RNA and Gag protein, as well as bearing unique cell surface markers. In a recent article in mBio, Grau-Expósito et al. (J. Grau-Expósito, C. Serra-Peinado, L. Miguel, J. Navarro, A. Curran, J. Burgos, I. Ocaña, E. Ribera, A. Torrella, B. Planas, R. Badía, J. Castellví, V. Falcó, M. Crespo, and M. J. Buzon, mBio 8:e00876-17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00876-17 ) reported a similar method that they claim to be more sensitive. With these methods, researchers are one step closer to measuring latent reservoirs and eliminating critical barriers to HIV eradication.Vinayaka R. PrasadGanjam V. KalpanaAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleEradicationFISH-flowHIV-1latencyRNA FISHMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 8, Iss 5 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Eradication FISH-flow HIV-1 latency RNA FISH Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Eradication FISH-flow HIV-1 latency RNA FISH Microbiology QR1-502 Vinayaka R. Prasad Ganjam V. Kalpana FISHing Out the Hidden Enemy: Advances in Detecting and Measuring Latent HIV-Infected Cells
description	ABSTRACT The indomitable aspect of HIV-1 infection is not that HIV-1 proviral DNA is integrated into host DNA but that it can also turn itself off, remaining invisible to drug or immune surveillance. Thus, the goals of eradication include ways to precisely excise HIV-1 DNA or wake up the silent HIV-1 provirus and eliminate the infected cells thus identified. Methods to identify and fish out the latently infected cells or to delineate their characteristics are being rapidly developed. In 2016, Baxter et al. (A. E. Baxter, J. Niessl, R. Fromentin, J. Richard, F. Porichis, R. Charlebois, M. Massanella, N. Brassard, N. Alsahafi, G. G. Delgado, J. P. Routy, B. D. Walker, A. Finzi, N. Chomont, and D. E. Kaufmann, Cell Host Microbe 20:368–380, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.07.015 ) and Martrus et al. (G. Martrus, A. Niehrs, R. Cornelis, A. Rechtien, W. García-Beltran, M. Lütgehetmann, C. Hoffmann, and M. Altfeld, J Virol 90:9018–9028, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01448-16 ) reported using the fluorescence in situ hybridization-flow cytometry technique to identify and quantify cells expressing HIV-1 RNA and Gag protein, as well as bearing unique cell surface markers. In a recent article in mBio, Grau-Expósito et al. (J. Grau-Expósito, C. Serra-Peinado, L. Miguel, J. Navarro, A. Curran, J. Burgos, I. Ocaña, E. Ribera, A. Torrella, B. Planas, R. Badía, J. Castellví, V. Falcó, M. Crespo, and M. J. Buzon, mBio 8:e00876-17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00876-17 ) reported a similar method that they claim to be more sensitive. With these methods, researchers are one step closer to measuring latent reservoirs and eliminating critical barriers to HIV eradication.
format	article
author	Vinayaka R. Prasad Ganjam V. Kalpana
author_facet	Vinayaka R. Prasad Ganjam V. Kalpana
author_sort	Vinayaka R. Prasad
title	FISHing Out the Hidden Enemy: Advances in Detecting and Measuring Latent HIV-Infected Cells
title_short	FISHing Out the Hidden Enemy: Advances in Detecting and Measuring Latent HIV-Infected Cells
title_full	FISHing Out the Hidden Enemy: Advances in Detecting and Measuring Latent HIV-Infected Cells
title_fullStr	FISHing Out the Hidden Enemy: Advances in Detecting and Measuring Latent HIV-Infected Cells
title_full_unstemmed	FISHing Out the Hidden Enemy: Advances in Detecting and Measuring Latent HIV-Infected Cells
title_sort	fishing out the hidden enemy: advances in detecting and measuring latent hiv-infected cells
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/8df93d9f88414490b63659d6e9e2dae6
work_keys_str_mv	AT vinayakarprasad fishingoutthehiddenenemyadvancesindetectingandmeasuringlatenthivinfectedcells AT ganjamvkalpana fishingoutthehiddenenemyadvancesindetectingandmeasuringlatenthivinfectedcells
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FISHing Out the Hidden Enemy: Advances in Detecting and Measuring Latent HIV-Infected Cells

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