Heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs: A retrospective study of 60 cases (2010‐2019)

Abstract Background The trematode Heterobilharzia americana (HA) causes granulomatous gastrointestinal and hepatic disease in dogs. Before 2008, diagnosis relied on saline fecal sedimentation or histopathology, and earlier reports primarily described dogs with advanced disease or cases diagnosed inc...

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Autores principales:	Amber M. Graham, Amy Davenport, Valentina S. Moshnikova, Lindsey J. Gilmour, Michelle Fabiani, Micah A. Bishop, Audrey K. Cook
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	enteropathy hepatopathy hypercalcemia praziquantel schistosomiasis trematode Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8e004dda03dc46dda4f7fd0d7bde0e01
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e004dda03dc46dda4f7fd0d7bde0e012021-11-30T17:01:03ZHeterobilharzia americana infection in dogs: A retrospective study of 60 cases (2010‐2019)1939-16760891-664010.1111/jvim.16127https://doaj.org/article/8e004dda03dc46dda4f7fd0d7bde0e012021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16127https://doaj.org/toc/0891-6640https://doaj.org/toc/1939-1676Abstract Background The trematode Heterobilharzia americana (HA) causes granulomatous gastrointestinal and hepatic disease in dogs. Before 2008, diagnosis relied on saline fecal sedimentation or histopathology, and earlier reports primarily described dogs with advanced disease or cases diagnosed incidentally at necropsy. The advent of a fecal PCR test has facilitated the diagnosis of HA and provided insights into manifestations and response to treatment. Objectives Describe the clinical findings, response to treatment, and outcome for dogs infected with HA. Animals Sixty dogs diagnosed with HA between 2010 and 2019. Methods Retrospective study. Medical records were searched for dogs diagnosed with HA by fecal PCR testing, identification of ova in feces, or histopathology. Results Mean age was 7.5 (±4.1) years and weight was 23.2 (±10.18) kg. Clinical signs included diarrhea (55.8%), vomiting (46.2%), and weight loss with or without anorexia (15.4%). Laboratory abnormalities included hyperglobulinemia (42.6%) and increased liver enzyme activities (30%). More than 40% of dogs had an eosinophil count >500/μL. Hypercalcemia attributable to HA was identified in only 4 dogs. Pinpoint hyperechoic foci were noted in intestines, liver, or mesenteric lymph nodes during transabdominal ultrasonography in 64.4% of dogs. Survival data was available for 34 dogs, of which 73.5% (25) were alive 6 months after diagnosis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Hyperglobulinemia, high eosinophil count, and ultrasonographic evidence of visceral mineralization were suggestive of infection. Hypercalcemia was uncommon. Combination treatment with praziquantel and fenbendazole was variably effective, and 17.6% of treated dogs with known outcome died as a result of HA infection.Amber M. GrahamAmy DavenportValentina S. MoshnikovaLindsey J. GilmourMichelle FabianiMicah A. BishopAudrey K. CookWileyarticleenteropathyhepatopathyhypercalcemiapraziquantelschistosomiasistrematodeVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Vol 35, Iss 3, Pp 1361-1367 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	enteropathy hepatopathy hypercalcemia praziquantel schistosomiasis trematode Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	enteropathy hepatopathy hypercalcemia praziquantel schistosomiasis trematode Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Amber M. Graham Amy Davenport Valentina S. Moshnikova Lindsey J. Gilmour Michelle Fabiani Micah A. Bishop Audrey K. Cook Heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs: A retrospective study of 60 cases (2010‐2019)
description	Abstract Background The trematode Heterobilharzia americana (HA) causes granulomatous gastrointestinal and hepatic disease in dogs. Before 2008, diagnosis relied on saline fecal sedimentation or histopathology, and earlier reports primarily described dogs with advanced disease or cases diagnosed incidentally at necropsy. The advent of a fecal PCR test has facilitated the diagnosis of HA and provided insights into manifestations and response to treatment. Objectives Describe the clinical findings, response to treatment, and outcome for dogs infected with HA. Animals Sixty dogs diagnosed with HA between 2010 and 2019. Methods Retrospective study. Medical records were searched for dogs diagnosed with HA by fecal PCR testing, identification of ova in feces, or histopathology. Results Mean age was 7.5 (±4.1) years and weight was 23.2 (±10.18) kg. Clinical signs included diarrhea (55.8%), vomiting (46.2%), and weight loss with or without anorexia (15.4%). Laboratory abnormalities included hyperglobulinemia (42.6%) and increased liver enzyme activities (30%). More than 40% of dogs had an eosinophil count >500/μL. Hypercalcemia attributable to HA was identified in only 4 dogs. Pinpoint hyperechoic foci were noted in intestines, liver, or mesenteric lymph nodes during transabdominal ultrasonography in 64.4% of dogs. Survival data was available for 34 dogs, of which 73.5% (25) were alive 6 months after diagnosis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Hyperglobulinemia, high eosinophil count, and ultrasonographic evidence of visceral mineralization were suggestive of infection. Hypercalcemia was uncommon. Combination treatment with praziquantel and fenbendazole was variably effective, and 17.6% of treated dogs with known outcome died as a result of HA infection.
format	article
author	Amber M. Graham Amy Davenport Valentina S. Moshnikova Lindsey J. Gilmour Michelle Fabiani Micah A. Bishop Audrey K. Cook
author_facet	Amber M. Graham Amy Davenport Valentina S. Moshnikova Lindsey J. Gilmour Michelle Fabiani Micah A. Bishop Audrey K. Cook
author_sort	Amber M. Graham
title	Heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs: A retrospective study of 60 cases (2010‐2019)
title_short	Heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs: A retrospective study of 60 cases (2010‐2019)
title_full	Heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs: A retrospective study of 60 cases (2010‐2019)
title_fullStr	Heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs: A retrospective study of 60 cases (2010‐2019)
title_full_unstemmed	Heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs: A retrospective study of 60 cases (2010‐2019)
title_sort	heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs: a retrospective study of 60 cases (2010‐2019)
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e004dda03dc46dda4f7fd0d7bde0e01
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Heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs: A retrospective study of 60 cases (2010‐2019)

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