Numerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.

<h4>Background</h4>Numerosity estimation is a basic preverbal ability that humans share with many animal species and that is believed to be foundational of numeracy skills. It is notoriously difficult, however, to establish whether numerosity estimation is based on numerosity itself, or...

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Autores principales:	Peter Kramer, Maria Grazia Di Bono, Marco Zorzi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8e0132edbbdc45f8bd06a8013efa2d71
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e0132edbbdc45f8bd06a8013efa2d712021-11-18T06:58:00ZNumerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0017378https://doaj.org/article/8e0132edbbdc45f8bd06a8013efa2d712011-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21387017/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Numerosity estimation is a basic preverbal ability that humans share with many animal species and that is believed to be foundational of numeracy skills. It is notoriously difficult, however, to establish whether numerosity estimation is based on numerosity itself, or on one or more non-numerical cues like-in visual stimuli-spatial extent and density. Frequently, different non-numerical cues are held constant on different trials. This strategy, however, still allows numerosity estimation to be based on a combination of non-numerical cues rather than on any particular one by itself.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we introduce a novel method, based on second-order (contrast-based) visual motion, to create stimuli that exclude all first-order (luminance-based) cues to numerosity. We show that numerosities can be estimated almost as well in second-order motion as in first-order motion.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The results show that numerosity estimation need not be based on first-order spatial filtering, first-order density perception, or any other processing of luminance-based cues to numerosity. Our method can be used as an effective tool to control non-numerical variables in studies of numerosity estimation.Peter KramerMaria Grazia Di BonoMarco ZorziPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 2, p e17378 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Peter Kramer Maria Grazia Di Bono Marco Zorzi Numerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Numerosity estimation is a basic preverbal ability that humans share with many animal species and that is believed to be foundational of numeracy skills. It is notoriously difficult, however, to establish whether numerosity estimation is based on numerosity itself, or on one or more non-numerical cues like-in visual stimuli-spatial extent and density. Frequently, different non-numerical cues are held constant on different trials. This strategy, however, still allows numerosity estimation to be based on a combination of non-numerical cues rather than on any particular one by itself.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we introduce a novel method, based on second-order (contrast-based) visual motion, to create stimuli that exclude all first-order (luminance-based) cues to numerosity. We show that numerosities can be estimated almost as well in second-order motion as in first-order motion.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The results show that numerosity estimation need not be based on first-order spatial filtering, first-order density perception, or any other processing of luminance-based cues to numerosity. Our method can be used as an effective tool to control non-numerical variables in studies of numerosity estimation.
format	article
author	Peter Kramer Maria Grazia Di Bono Marco Zorzi
author_facet	Peter Kramer Maria Grazia Di Bono Marco Zorzi
author_sort	Peter Kramer
title	Numerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.
title_short	Numerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.
title_full	Numerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.
title_fullStr	Numerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.
title_full_unstemmed	Numerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.
title_sort	numerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e0132edbbdc45f8bd06a8013efa2d71
work_keys_str_mv	AT peterkramer numerosityestimationinvisualstimuliintheabsenceofluminancebasedcues AT mariagraziadibono numerosityestimationinvisualstimuliintheabsenceofluminancebasedcues AT marcozorzi numerosityestimationinvisualstimuliintheabsenceofluminancebasedcues
_version_	1718424117707800576

Numerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.

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