The Gut–Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a growing health concern which accounts for two million deaths per year. Obesity, alcohol overconsumption, and progressive cholestasis are commonly characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation and advancing fibrosis, which form the basis for development of end-st...

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Autores principales:	Kevin De Muynck, Bart Vanderborght, Hans Van Vlierberghe, Lindsey Devisscher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	macrophage chronic liver disease gut-liver axis Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8e09ed8106ac4a8cb45068374e33e6fa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e09ed8106ac4a8cb45068374e33e6fa2021-11-25T17:09:50ZThe Gut–Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective10.3390/cells101129592073-4409https://doaj.org/article/8e09ed8106ac4a8cb45068374e33e6fa2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2959https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a growing health concern which accounts for two million deaths per year. Obesity, alcohol overconsumption, and progressive cholestasis are commonly characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation and advancing fibrosis, which form the basis for development of end-stage liver disease complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. CLD pathophysiology extends to the intestinal tract and is characterized by intestinal dysbiosis, bile acid dysregulation, and gut barrier disruption. In addition, macrophages are key players in CLD progression and intestinal barrier breakdown. Emerging studies are unveiling macrophage heterogeneity and driving factors of their plasticity in health and disease. To date, in-depth investigation of how gut–liver axis disruption impacts the hepatic and intestinal macrophage pool in CLD pathogenesis is scarce. In this review, we give an overview of the role of intestinal and hepatic macrophages in homeostasis and gut–liver axis disruption in progressive stages of CLD.Kevin De MuynckBart VanderborghtHans Van VlierbergheLindsey DevisscherMDPI AGarticlemacrophagechronic liver diseasegut-liver axisBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2959, p 2959 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	macrophage chronic liver disease gut-liver axis Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	macrophage chronic liver disease gut-liver axis Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Kevin De Muynck Bart Vanderborght Hans Van Vlierberghe Lindsey Devisscher The Gut–Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective
description	Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a growing health concern which accounts for two million deaths per year. Obesity, alcohol overconsumption, and progressive cholestasis are commonly characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation and advancing fibrosis, which form the basis for development of end-stage liver disease complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. CLD pathophysiology extends to the intestinal tract and is characterized by intestinal dysbiosis, bile acid dysregulation, and gut barrier disruption. In addition, macrophages are key players in CLD progression and intestinal barrier breakdown. Emerging studies are unveiling macrophage heterogeneity and driving factors of their plasticity in health and disease. To date, in-depth investigation of how gut–liver axis disruption impacts the hepatic and intestinal macrophage pool in CLD pathogenesis is scarce. In this review, we give an overview of the role of intestinal and hepatic macrophages in homeostasis and gut–liver axis disruption in progressive stages of CLD.
format	article
author	Kevin De Muynck Bart Vanderborght Hans Van Vlierberghe Lindsey Devisscher
author_facet	Kevin De Muynck Bart Vanderborght Hans Van Vlierberghe Lindsey Devisscher
author_sort	Kevin De Muynck
title	The Gut–Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective
title_short	The Gut–Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective
title_full	The Gut–Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective
title_fullStr	The Gut–Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective
title_full_unstemmed	The Gut–Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective
title_sort	gut–liver axis in chronic liver disease: a macrophage perspective
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e09ed8106ac4a8cb45068374e33e6fa
work_keys_str_mv	AT kevindemuynck thegutliveraxisinchronicliverdiseaseamacrophageperspective AT bartvanderborght thegutliveraxisinchronicliverdiseaseamacrophageperspective AT hansvanvlierberghe thegutliveraxisinchronicliverdiseaseamacrophageperspective AT lindseydevisscher thegutliveraxisinchronicliverdiseaseamacrophageperspective AT kevindemuynck gutliveraxisinchronicliverdiseaseamacrophageperspective AT bartvanderborght gutliveraxisinchronicliverdiseaseamacrophageperspective AT hansvanvlierberghe gutliveraxisinchronicliverdiseaseamacrophageperspective AT lindseydevisscher gutliveraxisinchronicliverdiseaseamacrophageperspective
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The Gut–Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective

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