Multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for electronically targeted brain stimulation

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows non-invasive stimulation of the cortex. In multi-locus TMS (mTMS), the stimulating electric field (E-field) is controlled electronically without coil movement by adjusting currents in the coils of a transducer. Objective: To develop an mTMS...

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Autores principales:	Jaakko O. Nieminen, Heikki Sinisalo, Victor H. Souza, Mikko Malmi, Mikhail Yuryev, Aino E. Tervo, Matti Stenroos, Diego Milardovich, Juuso T. Korhonen, Lari M. Koponen, Risto J. Ilmoniemi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2022
Materias:	Transcranial magnetic stimulation mTMS Multi-locus Transducer Coil Electric field Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8e1432d7eb8f44fdac62cfc589f0c4e1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e1432d7eb8f44fdac62cfc589f0c4e12021-11-28T04:29:51ZMulti-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for electronically targeted brain stimulation1935-861X10.1016/j.brs.2021.11.014https://doaj.org/article/8e1432d7eb8f44fdac62cfc589f0c4e12022-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X21008299https://doaj.org/toc/1935-861XBackground: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows non-invasive stimulation of the cortex. In multi-locus TMS (mTMS), the stimulating electric field (E-field) is controlled electronically without coil movement by adjusting currents in the coils of a transducer. Objective: To develop an mTMS system that allows adjusting the location and orientation of the E-field maximum within a cortical region. Methods: We designed and manufactured a planar 5-coil mTMS transducer to allow controlling the maximum of the induced E-field within a cortical region approximately 30 mm in diameter. We developed electronics with a design consisting of independently controlled H-bridge circuits to drive up to six TMS coils. To control the hardware, we programmed software that runs on a field-programmable gate array and a computer. To induce the desired E-field in the cortex, we developed an optimization method to calculate the currents needed in the coils. We characterized the mTMS system and conducted a proof-of-concept motor-mapping experiment on a healthy volunteer. In the motor mapping, we kept the transducer placement fixed while electronically shifting the E-field maximum on the precentral gyrus and measuring electromyography from the contralateral hand. Results: The transducer consists of an oval coil, two figure-of-eight coils, and two four-leaf-clover coils stacked on top of each other. The technical characterization indicated that the mTMS system performs as designed. The measured motor evoked potential amplitudes varied consistently as a function of the location of the E-field maximum. Conclusion: The developed mTMS system enables electronically targeted brain stimulation within a cortical region.Jaakko O. NieminenHeikki SinisaloVictor H. SouzaMikko MalmiMikhail YuryevAino E. TervoMatti StenroosDiego MilardovichJuuso T. KorhonenLari M. KoponenRisto J. IlmoniemiElsevierarticleTranscranial magnetic stimulationmTMSMulti-locusTransducerCoilElectric fieldNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Stimulation, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 116-124 (2022)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Transcranial magnetic stimulation mTMS Multi-locus Transducer Coil Electric field Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	Transcranial magnetic stimulation mTMS Multi-locus Transducer Coil Electric field Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Jaakko O. Nieminen Heikki Sinisalo Victor H. Souza Mikko Malmi Mikhail Yuryev Aino E. Tervo Matti Stenroos Diego Milardovich Juuso T. Korhonen Lari M. Koponen Risto J. Ilmoniemi Multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for electronically targeted brain stimulation
description	Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows non-invasive stimulation of the cortex. In multi-locus TMS (mTMS), the stimulating electric field (E-field) is controlled electronically without coil movement by adjusting currents in the coils of a transducer. Objective: To develop an mTMS system that allows adjusting the location and orientation of the E-field maximum within a cortical region. Methods: We designed and manufactured a planar 5-coil mTMS transducer to allow controlling the maximum of the induced E-field within a cortical region approximately 30 mm in diameter. We developed electronics with a design consisting of independently controlled H-bridge circuits to drive up to six TMS coils. To control the hardware, we programmed software that runs on a field-programmable gate array and a computer. To induce the desired E-field in the cortex, we developed an optimization method to calculate the currents needed in the coils. We characterized the mTMS system and conducted a proof-of-concept motor-mapping experiment on a healthy volunteer. In the motor mapping, we kept the transducer placement fixed while electronically shifting the E-field maximum on the precentral gyrus and measuring electromyography from the contralateral hand. Results: The transducer consists of an oval coil, two figure-of-eight coils, and two four-leaf-clover coils stacked on top of each other. The technical characterization indicated that the mTMS system performs as designed. The measured motor evoked potential amplitudes varied consistently as a function of the location of the E-field maximum. Conclusion: The developed mTMS system enables electronically targeted brain stimulation within a cortical region.
format	article
author	Jaakko O. Nieminen Heikki Sinisalo Victor H. Souza Mikko Malmi Mikhail Yuryev Aino E. Tervo Matti Stenroos Diego Milardovich Juuso T. Korhonen Lari M. Koponen Risto J. Ilmoniemi
author_facet	Jaakko O. Nieminen Heikki Sinisalo Victor H. Souza Mikko Malmi Mikhail Yuryev Aino E. Tervo Matti Stenroos Diego Milardovich Juuso T. Korhonen Lari M. Koponen Risto J. Ilmoniemi
author_sort	Jaakko O. Nieminen
title	Multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for electronically targeted brain stimulation
title_short	Multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for electronically targeted brain stimulation
title_full	Multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for electronically targeted brain stimulation
title_fullStr	Multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for electronically targeted brain stimulation
title_full_unstemmed	Multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for electronically targeted brain stimulation
title_sort	multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for electronically targeted brain stimulation
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2022
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e1432d7eb8f44fdac62cfc589f0c4e1
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Multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for electronically targeted brain stimulation

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