Mechanisms and consequences of developmental acceleration in tadpoles responding to pond drying.

Many amphibian species exploit temporary or even ephemeral aquatic habitats for reproduction by maximising larval growth under benign conditions but accelerating development to rapidly undergo metamorphosis when at risk of desiccation from pond drying. Here we determine mechanisms enabling developme...

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Autores principales:	Ivan Gomez-Mestre, Saurabh Kulkarni, Daniel R Buchholz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8e263e9f11b64c9e8506972fde83e877
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e263e9f11b64c9e8506972fde83e8772021-11-18T08:41:40ZMechanisms and consequences of developmental acceleration in tadpoles responding to pond drying.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0084266https://doaj.org/article/8e263e9f11b64c9e8506972fde83e8772013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24358352/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Many amphibian species exploit temporary or even ephemeral aquatic habitats for reproduction by maximising larval growth under benign conditions but accelerating development to rapidly undergo metamorphosis when at risk of desiccation from pond drying. Here we determine mechanisms enabling developmental acceleration in response to decreased water levels in western spadefoot toad tadpoles (Pelobates cultripes), a species with long larval periods and large size at metamorphosis but with a high degree of developmental plasticity. We found that P. cultripes tadpoles can shorten their larval period by an average of 30% in response to reduced water levels. We show that such developmental acceleration was achieved via increased endogenous levels of corticosterone and thyroid hormone, which act synergistically to achieve metamorphosis, and also by increased expression of the thyroid hormone receptor TRΒ, which increases tissue sensitivity and responsivity to thyroid hormone. However, developmental acceleration had morphological and physiological consequences. In addition to resulting in smaller juveniles with proportionately shorter limbs, tadpoles exposed to decreased water levels incurred oxidative stress, indicated by increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Such increases were apparently sufficient to neutralise the oxidative damage caused by presumed increased metabolic activity. Thus, developmental acceleration allows spadefoot toad tadpoles to evade drying ponds, but it comes at the expense of reduced size at metamorphosis and increased oxidative stress.Ivan Gomez-MestreSaurabh KulkarniDaniel R BuchholzPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e84266 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ivan Gomez-Mestre Saurabh Kulkarni Daniel R Buchholz Mechanisms and consequences of developmental acceleration in tadpoles responding to pond drying.
description	Many amphibian species exploit temporary or even ephemeral aquatic habitats for reproduction by maximising larval growth under benign conditions but accelerating development to rapidly undergo metamorphosis when at risk of desiccation from pond drying. Here we determine mechanisms enabling developmental acceleration in response to decreased water levels in western spadefoot toad tadpoles (Pelobates cultripes), a species with long larval periods and large size at metamorphosis but with a high degree of developmental plasticity. We found that P. cultripes tadpoles can shorten their larval period by an average of 30% in response to reduced water levels. We show that such developmental acceleration was achieved via increased endogenous levels of corticosterone and thyroid hormone, which act synergistically to achieve metamorphosis, and also by increased expression of the thyroid hormone receptor TRΒ, which increases tissue sensitivity and responsivity to thyroid hormone. However, developmental acceleration had morphological and physiological consequences. In addition to resulting in smaller juveniles with proportionately shorter limbs, tadpoles exposed to decreased water levels incurred oxidative stress, indicated by increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Such increases were apparently sufficient to neutralise the oxidative damage caused by presumed increased metabolic activity. Thus, developmental acceleration allows spadefoot toad tadpoles to evade drying ponds, but it comes at the expense of reduced size at metamorphosis and increased oxidative stress.
format	article
author	Ivan Gomez-Mestre Saurabh Kulkarni Daniel R Buchholz
author_facet	Ivan Gomez-Mestre Saurabh Kulkarni Daniel R Buchholz
author_sort	Ivan Gomez-Mestre
title	Mechanisms and consequences of developmental acceleration in tadpoles responding to pond drying.
title_short	Mechanisms and consequences of developmental acceleration in tadpoles responding to pond drying.
title_full	Mechanisms and consequences of developmental acceleration in tadpoles responding to pond drying.
title_fullStr	Mechanisms and consequences of developmental acceleration in tadpoles responding to pond drying.
title_full_unstemmed	Mechanisms and consequences of developmental acceleration in tadpoles responding to pond drying.
title_sort	mechanisms and consequences of developmental acceleration in tadpoles responding to pond drying.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e263e9f11b64c9e8506972fde83e877
work_keys_str_mv	AT ivangomezmestre mechanismsandconsequencesofdevelopmentalaccelerationintadpolesrespondingtoponddrying AT saurabhkulkarni mechanismsandconsequencesofdevelopmentalaccelerationintadpolesrespondingtoponddrying AT danielrbuchholz mechanismsandconsequencesofdevelopmentalaccelerationintadpolesrespondingtoponddrying
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Mechanisms and consequences of developmental acceleration in tadpoles responding to pond drying.

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