Steps to build a DIY low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation.

Despite the proved usefulness of drones in biodiversity studies, acquisition costs and difficulties in operating, maintaining and repairing these systems constrain their integration in conservation projects, particularly for low-income countries. Here we present the steps necessary to build a low-co...

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Autores principales:	Geison P Mesquita, José Domingo Rodríguez-Teijeiro, Rodrigo Rocha de Oliveira, Margarita Mulero-Pázmány
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8e34c6210c7c469d901c832906711d70
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:8e34c6210c7c469d901c832906711d70
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e34c6210c7c469d901c832906711d702021-12-02T20:18:12ZSteps to build a DIY low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255559https://doaj.org/article/8e34c6210c7c469d901c832906711d702021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255559https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Despite the proved usefulness of drones in biodiversity studies, acquisition costs and difficulties in operating, maintaining and repairing these systems constrain their integration in conservation projects, particularly for low-income countries. Here we present the steps necessary to build a low-cost fixed-wing drone for environmental applications in large areas, along with instructions to increase the reliability of the system and testing its performance. Inspired by DIY (Do It Yourself) and open source models, this work prioritizes simplicity and accounts for cost-benefit for the researcher. The DIY fixed-wing drone developed has electric propulsion, can perform pre-programmed flight, can carry up to 500 g payload capacity with 65 minutes flight duration and flies at a maximum distance of 20 km. It is equipped with a RGB (Red, Green and Blue) sensor capable of obtaining 2.8 cm per pixel Ground Sample Distance (GSD) resolution at a constant altitude of 100 m above ground level (AGL). The total cost was $995 which is substantially less than the average value of similar commercial drones used in biodiversity studies. We performed 12 flight tests in auto mode using the developed model in protected areas in Brazil, obtaining RGB images that allowed us to identify deforestation spots smaller than 5 m2 and medium-sized animals. Building DIY drones requires some technical knowledge and demands more time than buying a commercial ready-to-fly system, but as proved here, it can be less expensive, which is often crucial in conservation projects.Geison P MesquitaJosé Domingo Rodríguez-TeijeiroRodrigo Rocha de OliveiraMargarita Mulero-PázmányPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0255559 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Geison P Mesquita José Domingo Rodríguez-Teijeiro Rodrigo Rocha de Oliveira Margarita Mulero-Pázmány Steps to build a DIY low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation.
description	Despite the proved usefulness of drones in biodiversity studies, acquisition costs and difficulties in operating, maintaining and repairing these systems constrain their integration in conservation projects, particularly for low-income countries. Here we present the steps necessary to build a low-cost fixed-wing drone for environmental applications in large areas, along with instructions to increase the reliability of the system and testing its performance. Inspired by DIY (Do It Yourself) and open source models, this work prioritizes simplicity and accounts for cost-benefit for the researcher. The DIY fixed-wing drone developed has electric propulsion, can perform pre-programmed flight, can carry up to 500 g payload capacity with 65 minutes flight duration and flies at a maximum distance of 20 km. It is equipped with a RGB (Red, Green and Blue) sensor capable of obtaining 2.8 cm per pixel Ground Sample Distance (GSD) resolution at a constant altitude of 100 m above ground level (AGL). The total cost was $995 which is substantially less than the average value of similar commercial drones used in biodiversity studies. We performed 12 flight tests in auto mode using the developed model in protected areas in Brazil, obtaining RGB images that allowed us to identify deforestation spots smaller than 5 m2 and medium-sized animals. Building DIY drones requires some technical knowledge and demands more time than buying a commercial ready-to-fly system, but as proved here, it can be less expensive, which is often crucial in conservation projects.
format	article
author	Geison P Mesquita José Domingo Rodríguez-Teijeiro Rodrigo Rocha de Oliveira Margarita Mulero-Pázmány
author_facet	Geison P Mesquita José Domingo Rodríguez-Teijeiro Rodrigo Rocha de Oliveira Margarita Mulero-Pázmány
author_sort	Geison P Mesquita
title	Steps to build a DIY low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation.
title_short	Steps to build a DIY low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation.
title_full	Steps to build a DIY low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation.
title_fullStr	Steps to build a DIY low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation.
title_full_unstemmed	Steps to build a DIY low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation.
title_sort	steps to build a diy low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e34c6210c7c469d901c832906711d70
work_keys_str_mv	AT geisonpmesquita stepstobuildadiylowcostfixedwingdroneforbiodiversityconservation AT josedomingorodriguezteijeiro stepstobuildadiylowcostfixedwingdroneforbiodiversityconservation AT rodrigorochadeoliveira stepstobuildadiylowcostfixedwingdroneforbiodiversityconservation AT margaritamuleropazmany stepstobuildadiylowcostfixedwingdroneforbiodiversityconservation
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Steps to build a DIY low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation.

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