Genomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of the Oil-Accumulating Basidiomycete Yeast <italic toggle="yes">Trichosporon oleaginosus</italic>: Insights into Substrate Utilization and Alternative Evolutionary Trajectories of Fungal Mating Systems

ABSTRACT Microbial fermentation of agro-industrial waste holds great potential for reducing the environmental impact associated with the production of lipids for industrial purposes from plant biomass. However, the chemical complexity of many residues currently prevents efficient conversion into lip...

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Autores principales:	Robert Kourist, Felix Bracharz, Jan Lorenzen, Octavia N. Kracht, Mansi Chovatia, Chris Daum, Shweta Deshpande, Anna Lipzen, Matt Nolan, Robin A. Ohm, Igor V. Grigoriev, Sheng Sun, Joseph Heitman, Thomas Brück, Minou Nowrousian
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Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2015
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e3fa0c4a19d41e4a4afed012ac8bb372021-11-15T15:41:25ZGenomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of the Oil-Accumulating Basidiomycete Yeast <italic toggle="yes">Trichosporon oleaginosus</italic>: Insights into Substrate Utilization and Alternative Evolutionary Trajectories of Fungal Mating Systems10.1128/mBio.00918-152150-7511https://doaj.org/article/8e3fa0c4a19d41e4a4afed012ac8bb372015-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00918-15https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Microbial fermentation of agro-industrial waste holds great potential for reducing the environmental impact associated with the production of lipids for industrial purposes from plant biomass. However, the chemical complexity of many residues currently prevents efficient conversion into lipids, creating a high demand for strains with the ability to utilize all energy-rich components of agricultural residues. Here, we present results of genome and transcriptome analyses of Trichosporon oleaginosus. This oil-accumulating yeast is able to grow on a wide variety of substrates, including pentoses and N-acetylglucosamine, making it an interesting candidate for biotechnological applications. Transcriptomics shows specific changes in gene expression patterns under lipid-accumulating conditions. Furthermore, gene content and expression analyses indicate that T. oleaginosus is well-adapted for the utilization of chitin-rich biomass. We also focused on the T. oleaginosus mating type, because this species is a member of the Tremellomycetes, a group that has been intensively analyzed as a model for the evolution of sexual development, the best-studied member being Cryptococcus neoformans. The structure of the T. oleaginosus mating-type regions differs significantly from that of other Tremellomycetes and reveals a new evolutionary trajectory paradigm. Comparative analysis shows that recruitment of developmental genes to the ancestral tetrapolar mating-type loci occurred independently in the Trichosporon and Cryptococcus lineages, supporting the hypothesis of a trend toward larger mating-type regions in fungi. IMPORTANCE Finite fossil fuel resources pose sustainability challenges to society and industry. Microbial oils are a sustainable feedstock for biofuel and chemical production that does not compete with food production. We describe genome and transcriptome analyses of the oleaginous yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus, which can accumulate up to 70% of its dry weight as lipids. In contrast to conventional yeasts, this organism not only shows an absence of diauxic effect while fermenting hexoses and pentoses but also effectively utilizes xylose and N-acetylglucosamine, which are building blocks of lignocellulose and chitin, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed metabolic networks that govern conversion of xylose or N-acetylglucosamine as well as lipid accumulation. These data form the basis for a targeted strain optimization strategy. Furthermore, analysis of the mating type of T. oleaginosus supports the hypothesis of a trend toward larger mating-type regions in fungi, similar to the evolution of sex chromosomes in animals and plants.Robert KouristFelix BracharzJan LorenzenOctavia N. KrachtMansi ChovatiaChris DaumShweta DeshpandeAnna LipzenMatt NolanRobin A. OhmIgor V. GrigorievSheng SunJoseph HeitmanThomas BrückMinou NowrousianAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 6, Iss 4 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Robert Kourist Felix Bracharz Jan Lorenzen Octavia N. Kracht Mansi Chovatia Chris Daum Shweta Deshpande Anna Lipzen Matt Nolan Robin A. Ohm Igor V. Grigoriev Sheng Sun Joseph Heitman Thomas Brück Minou Nowrousian Genomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of the Oil-Accumulating Basidiomycete Yeast <italic toggle="yes">Trichosporon oleaginosus</italic>: Insights into Substrate Utilization and Alternative Evolutionary Trajectories of Fungal Mating Systems
description	ABSTRACT Microbial fermentation of agro-industrial waste holds great potential for reducing the environmental impact associated with the production of lipids for industrial purposes from plant biomass. However, the chemical complexity of many residues currently prevents efficient conversion into lipids, creating a high demand for strains with the ability to utilize all energy-rich components of agricultural residues. Here, we present results of genome and transcriptome analyses of Trichosporon oleaginosus. This oil-accumulating yeast is able to grow on a wide variety of substrates, including pentoses and N-acetylglucosamine, making it an interesting candidate for biotechnological applications. Transcriptomics shows specific changes in gene expression patterns under lipid-accumulating conditions. Furthermore, gene content and expression analyses indicate that T. oleaginosus is well-adapted for the utilization of chitin-rich biomass. We also focused on the T. oleaginosus mating type, because this species is a member of the Tremellomycetes, a group that has been intensively analyzed as a model for the evolution of sexual development, the best-studied member being Cryptococcus neoformans. The structure of the T. oleaginosus mating-type regions differs significantly from that of other Tremellomycetes and reveals a new evolutionary trajectory paradigm. Comparative analysis shows that recruitment of developmental genes to the ancestral tetrapolar mating-type loci occurred independently in the Trichosporon and Cryptococcus lineages, supporting the hypothesis of a trend toward larger mating-type regions in fungi. IMPORTANCE Finite fossil fuel resources pose sustainability challenges to society and industry. Microbial oils are a sustainable feedstock for biofuel and chemical production that does not compete with food production. We describe genome and transcriptome analyses of the oleaginous yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus, which can accumulate up to 70% of its dry weight as lipids. In contrast to conventional yeasts, this organism not only shows an absence of diauxic effect while fermenting hexoses and pentoses but also effectively utilizes xylose and N-acetylglucosamine, which are building blocks of lignocellulose and chitin, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed metabolic networks that govern conversion of xylose or N-acetylglucosamine as well as lipid accumulation. These data form the basis for a targeted strain optimization strategy. Furthermore, analysis of the mating type of T. oleaginosus supports the hypothesis of a trend toward larger mating-type regions in fungi, similar to the evolution of sex chromosomes in animals and plants.
format	article
author	Robert Kourist Felix Bracharz Jan Lorenzen Octavia N. Kracht Mansi Chovatia Chris Daum Shweta Deshpande Anna Lipzen Matt Nolan Robin A. Ohm Igor V. Grigoriev Sheng Sun Joseph Heitman Thomas Brück Minou Nowrousian
author_facet	Robert Kourist Felix Bracharz Jan Lorenzen Octavia N. Kracht Mansi Chovatia Chris Daum Shweta Deshpande Anna Lipzen Matt Nolan Robin A. Ohm Igor V. Grigoriev Sheng Sun Joseph Heitman Thomas Brück Minou Nowrousian
author_sort	Robert Kourist
title	Genomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of the Oil-Accumulating Basidiomycete Yeast <italic toggle="yes">Trichosporon oleaginosus</italic>: Insights into Substrate Utilization and Alternative Evolutionary Trajectories of Fungal Mating Systems
title_short	Genomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of the Oil-Accumulating Basidiomycete Yeast <italic toggle="yes">Trichosporon oleaginosus</italic>: Insights into Substrate Utilization and Alternative Evolutionary Trajectories of Fungal Mating Systems
title_full	Genomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of the Oil-Accumulating Basidiomycete Yeast <italic toggle="yes">Trichosporon oleaginosus</italic>: Insights into Substrate Utilization and Alternative Evolutionary Trajectories of Fungal Mating Systems
title_fullStr	Genomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of the Oil-Accumulating Basidiomycete Yeast <italic toggle="yes">Trichosporon oleaginosus</italic>: Insights into Substrate Utilization and Alternative Evolutionary Trajectories of Fungal Mating Systems
title_full_unstemmed	Genomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of the Oil-Accumulating Basidiomycete Yeast <italic toggle="yes">Trichosporon oleaginosus</italic>: Insights into Substrate Utilization and Alternative Evolutionary Trajectories of Fungal Mating Systems
title_sort	genomics and transcriptomics analyses of the oil-accumulating basidiomycete yeast <italic toggle="yes">trichosporon oleaginosus</italic>: insights into substrate utilization and alternative evolutionary trajectories of fungal mating systems
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e3fa0c4a19d41e4a4afed012ac8bb37
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Genomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of the Oil-Accumulating Basidiomycete Yeast <italic toggle="yes">Trichosporon oleaginosus</italic>: Insights into Substrate Utilization and Alternative Evolutionary Trajectories of Fungal Mating Systems

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