Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May–Leonard model

Abstract Cyclic dominance of competing species is an intensively used working hypothesis to explain biodiversity in certain living systems, where the evolutionary selection principle would dictate a single victor otherwise. Technically the May–Leonard models offer a mathematical framework to describ...

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Autores principales:	D. Bazeia, M. J. B. Ferreira, B. F. de Oliveira, A. Szolnoki
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8e4fafa94d39419abdcd56d2917cccc0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e4fafa94d39419abdcd56d2917cccc02021-12-02T16:04:35ZEnvironment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May–Leonard model10.1038/s41598-021-91994-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8e4fafa94d39419abdcd56d2917cccc02021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91994-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cyclic dominance of competing species is an intensively used working hypothesis to explain biodiversity in certain living systems, where the evolutionary selection principle would dictate a single victor otherwise. Technically the May–Leonard models offer a mathematical framework to describe the mentioned non-transitive interaction of competing species when individual movement is also considered in a spatial system. Emerging rotating spirals composed by the competing species are frequently observed character of the resulting patterns. But how do these spiraling patterns change when we vary the external environment which affects the general vitality of individuals? Motivated by this question we suggest an off-lattice version of the tradition May–Leonard model which allows us to change the actual state of the environment gradually. This can be done by introducing a local carrying capacity parameter which value can be varied gently in an off-lattice environment. Our results support a previous analysis obtained in a more intricate metapopulation model and we show that the well-known rotating spirals become evident in a benign environment when the general density of the population is high. The accompanying time-dependent oscillation of competing species can also be detected where the amplitude and the frequency show a scaling law of the parameter that characterizes the state of the environment. These observations highlight that the assumed non-transitive interaction alone is insufficient condition to maintain biodiversity safely, but the actual state of the environment, which characterizes the general living conditions, also plays a decisive role on the evolution of related systems.D. BazeiaM. J. B. FerreiraB. F. de OliveiraA. SzolnokiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q D. Bazeia M. J. B. Ferreira B. F. de Oliveira A. Szolnoki Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May–Leonard model
description	Abstract Cyclic dominance of competing species is an intensively used working hypothesis to explain biodiversity in certain living systems, where the evolutionary selection principle would dictate a single victor otherwise. Technically the May–Leonard models offer a mathematical framework to describe the mentioned non-transitive interaction of competing species when individual movement is also considered in a spatial system. Emerging rotating spirals composed by the competing species are frequently observed character of the resulting patterns. But how do these spiraling patterns change when we vary the external environment which affects the general vitality of individuals? Motivated by this question we suggest an off-lattice version of the tradition May–Leonard model which allows us to change the actual state of the environment gradually. This can be done by introducing a local carrying capacity parameter which value can be varied gently in an off-lattice environment. Our results support a previous analysis obtained in a more intricate metapopulation model and we show that the well-known rotating spirals become evident in a benign environment when the general density of the population is high. The accompanying time-dependent oscillation of competing species can also be detected where the amplitude and the frequency show a scaling law of the parameter that characterizes the state of the environment. These observations highlight that the assumed non-transitive interaction alone is insufficient condition to maintain biodiversity safely, but the actual state of the environment, which characterizes the general living conditions, also plays a decisive role on the evolution of related systems.
format	article
author	D. Bazeia M. J. B. Ferreira B. F. de Oliveira A. Szolnoki
author_facet	D. Bazeia M. J. B. Ferreira B. F. de Oliveira A. Szolnoki
author_sort	D. Bazeia
title	Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May–Leonard model
title_short	Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May–Leonard model
title_full	Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May–Leonard model
title_fullStr	Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May–Leonard model
title_full_unstemmed	Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May–Leonard model
title_sort	environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice may–leonard model
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e4fafa94d39419abdcd56d2917cccc0
work_keys_str_mv	AT dbazeia environmentdrivenoscillationinanofflatticemayleonardmodel AT mjbferreira environmentdrivenoscillationinanofflatticemayleonardmodel AT bfdeoliveira environmentdrivenoscillationinanofflatticemayleonardmodel AT aszolnoki environmentdrivenoscillationinanofflatticemayleonardmodel
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Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May–Leonard model

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