Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology

Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most prevalent and aggressive malignancies. Recent evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME), including a variety of immune cells, is a critical modulator of tumor initiation, progression, evolution, and treatment resistance. Mast cells (M...

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Autores principales:	Hae Woong Choi, Manisha Naskar, Ho Kyung Seo, Hye Won Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bladder cancer mast cells mucosal immune barrier pro-tumor immunity immunotherapy tumor microenvironment Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8e61ae50560847e9a851358de3d12b83
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e61ae50560847e9a851358de3d12b832021-11-25T16:48:18ZTumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology10.3390/biomedicines91115002227-9059https://doaj.org/article/8e61ae50560847e9a851358de3d12b832021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1500https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most prevalent and aggressive malignancies. Recent evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME), including a variety of immune cells, is a critical modulator of tumor initiation, progression, evolution, and treatment resistance. Mast cells (MCs) in UBC are possibly involved in tumor angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and immunomodulation. Moreover, tumor-infiltration by MCs has been reported in early-stage UBC patients. This infiltration is linked with a favorable or unfavorable prognosis depending on the tumor type and location. Despite the discrepancy of MC function in tumor progression, MCs can modify the TME to regulate the immunity and infiltration of tumors by producing an array of mediators. Nonetheless, the precise role of MCs in UBC tumor progression and evolution remains unknown. Thus, this review discusses some critical roles of MCs in UBC. Patients with UBC are treated at both early and late stages by immunotherapeutic methods, including intravenous bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation and immune checkpoint blockade. An understanding of the patient response and resistance mechanisms in UBC is required to unlock the complete potential of immunotherapy. Since MCs are pivotal to understand the underlying processes and predictors of therapeutic responses in UBC, our review also focuses on possible immunotherapeutic treatments that involve MCs.Hae Woong ChoiManisha NaskarHo Kyung SeoHye Won LeeMDPI AGarticlebladder cancermast cellsmucosal immune barrierpro-tumor immunity immunotherapytumor microenvironmentBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1500, p 1500 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bladder cancer mast cells mucosal immune barrier pro-tumor immunity immunotherapy tumor microenvironment Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	bladder cancer mast cells mucosal immune barrier pro-tumor immunity immunotherapy tumor microenvironment Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Hae Woong Choi Manisha Naskar Ho Kyung Seo Hye Won Lee Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology
description	Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most prevalent and aggressive malignancies. Recent evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME), including a variety of immune cells, is a critical modulator of tumor initiation, progression, evolution, and treatment resistance. Mast cells (MCs) in UBC are possibly involved in tumor angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and immunomodulation. Moreover, tumor-infiltration by MCs has been reported in early-stage UBC patients. This infiltration is linked with a favorable or unfavorable prognosis depending on the tumor type and location. Despite the discrepancy of MC function in tumor progression, MCs can modify the TME to regulate the immunity and infiltration of tumors by producing an array of mediators. Nonetheless, the precise role of MCs in UBC tumor progression and evolution remains unknown. Thus, this review discusses some critical roles of MCs in UBC. Patients with UBC are treated at both early and late stages by immunotherapeutic methods, including intravenous bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation and immune checkpoint blockade. An understanding of the patient response and resistance mechanisms in UBC is required to unlock the complete potential of immunotherapy. Since MCs are pivotal to understand the underlying processes and predictors of therapeutic responses in UBC, our review also focuses on possible immunotherapeutic treatments that involve MCs.
format	article
author	Hae Woong Choi Manisha Naskar Ho Kyung Seo Hye Won Lee
author_facet	Hae Woong Choi Manisha Naskar Ho Kyung Seo Hye Won Lee
author_sort	Hae Woong Choi
title	Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology
title_short	Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology
title_full	Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology
title_fullStr	Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology
title_full_unstemmed	Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology
title_sort	tumor-associated mast cells in urothelial bladder cancer: optimizing immuno-oncology
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e61ae50560847e9a851358de3d12b83
work_keys_str_mv	AT haewoongchoi tumorassociatedmastcellsinurothelialbladdercanceroptimizingimmunooncology AT manishanaskar tumorassociatedmastcellsinurothelialbladdercanceroptimizingimmunooncology AT hokyungseo tumorassociatedmastcellsinurothelialbladdercanceroptimizingimmunooncology AT hyewonlee tumorassociatedmastcellsinurothelialbladdercanceroptimizingimmunooncology
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Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology

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