<named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycobacterium ulcerans</named-content> Population Genomics To Inform on the Spread of Buruli Ulcer across Central Africa

ABSTRACT Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease of skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection with the pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. Many critical issues for disease control, such as understanding the mode of transmission and identifying source reservoirs of M. ulcerans, are still lar...

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Autores principales:	Koen Vandelannoote, Delphin Mavinga Phanzu, Kapay Kibadi, Miriam Eddyani, Conor J. Meehan, Kurt Jordaens, Herwig Leirs, Françoise Portaels, Timothy P. Stinear, Simon R. Harris, Bouke C. de Jong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	bacterial pathogen transmission Buruli ulcer Democratic Republic of the Congo microbial comparative population genomics molecular evolution phylogeography Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8e8e17bbb3f647b6a143317ffa4b94bd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e8e17bbb3f647b6a143317ffa4b94bd2021-11-15T15:22:05Z<named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycobacterium ulcerans</named-content> Population Genomics To Inform on the Spread of Buruli Ulcer across Central Africa10.1128/mSphere.00472-182379-5042https://doaj.org/article/8e8e17bbb3f647b6a143317ffa4b94bd2019-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00472-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease of skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection with the pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. Many critical issues for disease control, such as understanding the mode of transmission and identifying source reservoirs of M. ulcerans, are still largely unknown. Here, we used genomics to reconstruct in detail the evolutionary trajectory and dynamics of M. ulcerans populations at a central African scale and at smaller geographical village scales. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data were analyzed from 179 M. ulcerans strains isolated from all Buruli ulcer foci in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, The Republic of Congo, and Angola that have ever yielded positive M. ulcerans cultures. We used both temporal associations and the study of the mycobacterial demographic history to estimate the contribution of humans as a reservoir in Buruli ulcer transmission. Our phylogeographic analysis revealed one almost exclusively predominant sublineage of M. ulcerans that arose in Central Africa and proliferated in its different regions of endemicity during the Age of Discovery. We observed how the best sampled endemic hot spot, the Songololo territory, became an area of endemicity while the region was being colonized by Belgium (1880s). We furthermore identified temporal parallels between the observed past population fluxes of M. ulcerans from the Songololo territory and the timing of health policy changes toward control of the Buruli ulcer epidemic in that region. These findings suggest that an intervention based on detecting and treating human cases in an area of endemicity might be sufficient to break disease transmission chains, irrespective of other reservoirs of the bacterium. IMPORTANCE Buruli ulcer is a destructive skin and soft tissue infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. The disease is characterized by progressive skin ulceration, which can lead to permanent disfigurement and long-term disability. Currently, the major hurdles facing disease control are incomplete understandings of both the mode of transmission and environmental reservoirs of M. ulcerans. As decades of spasmodic environmental sampling surveys have not brought us much closer to overcoming these hurdles, the Buruli ulcer research community has recently switched to using comparative genomics. The significance of our research is in how we used both temporal associations and the study of the mycobacterial demographic history to estimate the contribution of humans as a reservoir in Buruli ulcer transmission. Our approach shows that it might be possible to use bacterial population genomics to assess the impact of health interventions, providing valuable feedback for managers of disease control programs in areas where health surveillance infrastructure is poor.Koen VandelannooteDelphin Mavinga PhanzuKapay KibadiMiriam EddyaniConor J. MeehanKurt JordaensHerwig LeirsFrançoise PortaelsTimothy P. StinearSimon R. HarrisBouke C. de JongAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlebacterial pathogen transmissionBuruli ulcerDemocratic Republic of the Congomicrobial comparative population genomicsmolecular evolutionphylogeographyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 4, Iss 1 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bacterial pathogen transmission Buruli ulcer Democratic Republic of the Congo microbial comparative population genomics molecular evolution phylogeography Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	bacterial pathogen transmission Buruli ulcer Democratic Republic of the Congo microbial comparative population genomics molecular evolution phylogeography Microbiology QR1-502 Koen Vandelannoote Delphin Mavinga Phanzu Kapay Kibadi Miriam Eddyani Conor J. Meehan Kurt Jordaens Herwig Leirs Françoise Portaels Timothy P. Stinear Simon R. Harris Bouke C. de Jong <named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycobacterium ulcerans</named-content> Population Genomics To Inform on the Spread of Buruli Ulcer across Central Africa
description	ABSTRACT Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease of skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection with the pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. Many critical issues for disease control, such as understanding the mode of transmission and identifying source reservoirs of M. ulcerans, are still largely unknown. Here, we used genomics to reconstruct in detail the evolutionary trajectory and dynamics of M. ulcerans populations at a central African scale and at smaller geographical village scales. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data were analyzed from 179 M. ulcerans strains isolated from all Buruli ulcer foci in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, The Republic of Congo, and Angola that have ever yielded positive M. ulcerans cultures. We used both temporal associations and the study of the mycobacterial demographic history to estimate the contribution of humans as a reservoir in Buruli ulcer transmission. Our phylogeographic analysis revealed one almost exclusively predominant sublineage of M. ulcerans that arose in Central Africa and proliferated in its different regions of endemicity during the Age of Discovery. We observed how the best sampled endemic hot spot, the Songololo territory, became an area of endemicity while the region was being colonized by Belgium (1880s). We furthermore identified temporal parallels between the observed past population fluxes of M. ulcerans from the Songololo territory and the timing of health policy changes toward control of the Buruli ulcer epidemic in that region. These findings suggest that an intervention based on detecting and treating human cases in an area of endemicity might be sufficient to break disease transmission chains, irrespective of other reservoirs of the bacterium. IMPORTANCE Buruli ulcer is a destructive skin and soft tissue infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. The disease is characterized by progressive skin ulceration, which can lead to permanent disfigurement and long-term disability. Currently, the major hurdles facing disease control are incomplete understandings of both the mode of transmission and environmental reservoirs of M. ulcerans. As decades of spasmodic environmental sampling surveys have not brought us much closer to overcoming these hurdles, the Buruli ulcer research community has recently switched to using comparative genomics. The significance of our research is in how we used both temporal associations and the study of the mycobacterial demographic history to estimate the contribution of humans as a reservoir in Buruli ulcer transmission. Our approach shows that it might be possible to use bacterial population genomics to assess the impact of health interventions, providing valuable feedback for managers of disease control programs in areas where health surveillance infrastructure is poor.
format	article
author	Koen Vandelannoote Delphin Mavinga Phanzu Kapay Kibadi Miriam Eddyani Conor J. Meehan Kurt Jordaens Herwig Leirs Françoise Portaels Timothy P. Stinear Simon R. Harris Bouke C. de Jong
author_facet	Koen Vandelannoote Delphin Mavinga Phanzu Kapay Kibadi Miriam Eddyani Conor J. Meehan Kurt Jordaens Herwig Leirs Françoise Portaels Timothy P. Stinear Simon R. Harris Bouke C. de Jong
author_sort	Koen Vandelannoote
title	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycobacterium ulcerans</named-content> Population Genomics To Inform on the Spread of Buruli Ulcer across Central Africa
title_short	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycobacterium ulcerans</named-content> Population Genomics To Inform on the Spread of Buruli Ulcer across Central Africa
title_full	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycobacterium ulcerans</named-content> Population Genomics To Inform on the Spread of Buruli Ulcer across Central Africa
title_fullStr	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycobacterium ulcerans</named-content> Population Genomics To Inform on the Spread of Buruli Ulcer across Central Africa
title_full_unstemmed	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycobacterium ulcerans</named-content> Population Genomics To Inform on the Spread of Buruli Ulcer across Central Africa
title_sort	<named-content content-type="genus-species">mycobacterium ulcerans</named-content> population genomics to inform on the spread of buruli ulcer across central africa
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e8e17bbb3f647b6a143317ffa4b94bd
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<named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycobacterium ulcerans</named-content> Population Genomics To Inform on the Spread of Buruli Ulcer across Central Africa

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