$Retinal wave behavior through activity-dependent refractory periods.$
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Retinal wave behavior through activity-dependent refractory periods.

In the developing mammalian visual system, spontaneous retinal ganglion cell (RGC) activity contributes to and drives several aspects of visual system organization. This spontaneous activity takes the form of spreading patches of synchronized bursting that slowly advance across portions of the retin...

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Autores principales:	Keith B Godfrey, Nicholas V Swindale
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2007
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8e93c645b53d4f7da61667a48e7ea859
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:8e93c645b53d4f7da61667a48e7ea859
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e93c645b53d4f7da61667a48e7ea8592021-11-25T05:41:29ZRetinal wave behavior through activity-dependent refractory periods.1553-734X1553-735810.1371/journal.pcbi.0030245https://doaj.org/article/8e93c645b53d4f7da61667a48e7ea8592007-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030245https://doaj.org/toc/1553-734Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7358In the developing mammalian visual system, spontaneous retinal ganglion cell (RGC) activity contributes to and drives several aspects of visual system organization. This spontaneous activity takes the form of spreading patches of synchronized bursting that slowly advance across portions of the retina. These patches are non-repeating and tile the retina in minutes. Several transmitter systems are known to be involved, but the basic mechanism underlying wave production is still not well-understood. We present a model for retinal waves that focuses on acetylcholine mediated waves but whose principles are adaptable to other developmental stages. Its assumptions are that a) spontaneous depolarizations of amacrine cells drive wave activity; b) amacrine cells are locally connected, and c) cells receiving more input during their depolarization are subsequently less responsive and have longer periods between spontaneous depolarizations. The resulting model produces waves with non-repeating borders and randomly distributed initiation points. The wave generation mechanism appears to be chaotic and does not require neural noise to produce this wave behavior. Variations in parameter settings allow the model to produce waves that are similar in size, frequency, and velocity to those observed in several species. Our results suggest that retinal wave behavior results from activity-dependent refractory periods and that the average velocity of retinal waves depends on the duration a cell is excitatory: longer periods of excitation result in slower waves. In contrast to previous studies, we find that a single layer of cells is sufficient for wave generation. The principles described here are very general and may be adaptable to the description of spontaneous wave activity in other areas of the nervous system.Keith B GodfreyNicholas V SwindalePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Computational Biology, Vol 3, Iss 11, p e245 (2007)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Keith B Godfrey Nicholas V Swindale Retinal wave behavior through activity-dependent refractory periods.
description	In the developing mammalian visual system, spontaneous retinal ganglion cell (RGC) activity contributes to and drives several aspects of visual system organization. This spontaneous activity takes the form of spreading patches of synchronized bursting that slowly advance across portions of the retina. These patches are non-repeating and tile the retina in minutes. Several transmitter systems are known to be involved, but the basic mechanism underlying wave production is still not well-understood. We present a model for retinal waves that focuses on acetylcholine mediated waves but whose principles are adaptable to other developmental stages. Its assumptions are that a) spontaneous depolarizations of amacrine cells drive wave activity; b) amacrine cells are locally connected, and c) cells receiving more input during their depolarization are subsequently less responsive and have longer periods between spontaneous depolarizations. The resulting model produces waves with non-repeating borders and randomly distributed initiation points. The wave generation mechanism appears to be chaotic and does not require neural noise to produce this wave behavior. Variations in parameter settings allow the model to produce waves that are similar in size, frequency, and velocity to those observed in several species. Our results suggest that retinal wave behavior results from activity-dependent refractory periods and that the average velocity of retinal waves depends on the duration a cell is excitatory: longer periods of excitation result in slower waves. In contrast to previous studies, we find that a single layer of cells is sufficient for wave generation. The principles described here are very general and may be adaptable to the description of spontaneous wave activity in other areas of the nervous system.
format	article
author	Keith B Godfrey Nicholas V Swindale
author_facet	Keith B Godfrey Nicholas V Swindale
author_sort	Keith B Godfrey
title	Retinal wave behavior through activity-dependent refractory periods.
title_short	Retinal wave behavior through activity-dependent refractory periods.
title_full	Retinal wave behavior through activity-dependent refractory periods.
title_fullStr	Retinal wave behavior through activity-dependent refractory periods.
title_full_unstemmed	Retinal wave behavior through activity-dependent refractory periods.
title_sort	retinal wave behavior through activity-dependent refractory periods.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2007
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e93c645b53d4f7da61667a48e7ea859
work_keys_str_mv	AT keithbgodfrey retinalwavebehaviorthroughactivitydependentrefractoryperiods AT nicholasvswindale retinalwavebehaviorthroughactivitydependentrefractoryperiods
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Retinal wave behavior through activity-dependent refractory periods.

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