On the usage of linear regression models to reconstruct limb kinematics from low frequency EEG signals.

Several works have reported on the reconstruction of 2D/3D limb kinematics from low-frequency EEG signals using linear regression models based on positive correlation values between the recorded and the reconstructed trajectories. This paper describes the mathematical properties of the linear model...

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Autores principales:	Javier M Antelis, Luis Montesano, Ander Ramos-Murguialday, Niels Birbaumer, Javier Minguez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8e94ee04220444d8bbadcfbc9f2f81fb
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:8e94ee04220444d8bbadcfbc9f2f81fb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8e94ee04220444d8bbadcfbc9f2f81fb2021-11-18T07:48:58ZOn the usage of linear regression models to reconstruct limb kinematics from low frequency EEG signals.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0061976https://doaj.org/article/8e94ee04220444d8bbadcfbc9f2f81fb2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23613992/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Several works have reported on the reconstruction of 2D/3D limb kinematics from low-frequency EEG signals using linear regression models based on positive correlation values between the recorded and the reconstructed trajectories. This paper describes the mathematical properties of the linear model and the correlation evaluation metric that may lead to a misinterpretation of the results of this type of decoders. Firstly, the use of a linear regression model to adjust the two temporal signals (EEG and velocity profiles) implies that the relevant component of the signal used for decoding (EEG) has to be in the same frequency range as the signal to be decoded (velocity profiles). Secondly, the use of a correlation to evaluate the fitting of two trajectories could lead to overly-optimistic results as this metric is invariant to scale. Also, the correlation has a non-linear nature that leads to higher values for sinus/cosinus-like signals at low frequencies. Analysis of these properties on the reconstruction results was carried out through an experiment performed in line with previous studies, where healthy participants executed predefined reaching movements of the hand in 3D space. While the correlations of limb velocity profiles reconstructed from low-frequency EEG were comparable to studies in this domain, a systematic statistical analysis revealed that these results were not above the chance level. The empirical chance level was estimated using random assignments of recorded velocity profiles and EEG signals, as well as combinations of randomly generated synthetic EEG with recorded velocity profiles and recorded EEG with randomly generated synthetic velocity profiles. The analysis shows that the positive correlation results in this experiment cannot be used as an indicator of successful trajectory reconstruction based on a neural correlate. Several directions are herein discussed to address the misinterpretation of results as well as the implications on previous invasive and non-invasive works.Javier M AntelisLuis MontesanoAnder Ramos-MurguialdayNiels BirbaumerJavier MinguezPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 4, p e61976 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Javier M Antelis Luis Montesano Ander Ramos-Murguialday Niels Birbaumer Javier Minguez On the usage of linear regression models to reconstruct limb kinematics from low frequency EEG signals.
description	Several works have reported on the reconstruction of 2D/3D limb kinematics from low-frequency EEG signals using linear regression models based on positive correlation values between the recorded and the reconstructed trajectories. This paper describes the mathematical properties of the linear model and the correlation evaluation metric that may lead to a misinterpretation of the results of this type of decoders. Firstly, the use of a linear regression model to adjust the two temporal signals (EEG and velocity profiles) implies that the relevant component of the signal used for decoding (EEG) has to be in the same frequency range as the signal to be decoded (velocity profiles). Secondly, the use of a correlation to evaluate the fitting of two trajectories could lead to overly-optimistic results as this metric is invariant to scale. Also, the correlation has a non-linear nature that leads to higher values for sinus/cosinus-like signals at low frequencies. Analysis of these properties on the reconstruction results was carried out through an experiment performed in line with previous studies, where healthy participants executed predefined reaching movements of the hand in 3D space. While the correlations of limb velocity profiles reconstructed from low-frequency EEG were comparable to studies in this domain, a systematic statistical analysis revealed that these results were not above the chance level. The empirical chance level was estimated using random assignments of recorded velocity profiles and EEG signals, as well as combinations of randomly generated synthetic EEG with recorded velocity profiles and recorded EEG with randomly generated synthetic velocity profiles. The analysis shows that the positive correlation results in this experiment cannot be used as an indicator of successful trajectory reconstruction based on a neural correlate. Several directions are herein discussed to address the misinterpretation of results as well as the implications on previous invasive and non-invasive works.
format	article
author	Javier M Antelis Luis Montesano Ander Ramos-Murguialday Niels Birbaumer Javier Minguez
author_facet	Javier M Antelis Luis Montesano Ander Ramos-Murguialday Niels Birbaumer Javier Minguez
author_sort	Javier M Antelis
title	On the usage of linear regression models to reconstruct limb kinematics from low frequency EEG signals.
title_short	On the usage of linear regression models to reconstruct limb kinematics from low frequency EEG signals.
title_full	On the usage of linear regression models to reconstruct limb kinematics from low frequency EEG signals.
title_fullStr	On the usage of linear regression models to reconstruct limb kinematics from low frequency EEG signals.
title_full_unstemmed	On the usage of linear regression models to reconstruct limb kinematics from low frequency EEG signals.
title_sort	on the usage of linear regression models to reconstruct limb kinematics from low frequency eeg signals.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/8e94ee04220444d8bbadcfbc9f2f81fb
work_keys_str_mv	AT javiermantelis ontheusageoflinearregressionmodelstoreconstructlimbkinematicsfromlowfrequencyeegsignals AT luismontesano ontheusageoflinearregressionmodelstoreconstructlimbkinematicsfromlowfrequencyeegsignals AT anderramosmurguialday ontheusageoflinearregressionmodelstoreconstructlimbkinematicsfromlowfrequencyeegsignals AT nielsbirbaumer ontheusageoflinearregressionmodelstoreconstructlimbkinematicsfromlowfrequencyeegsignals AT javierminguez ontheusageoflinearregressionmodelstoreconstructlimbkinematicsfromlowfrequencyeegsignals
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On the usage of linear regression models to reconstruct limb kinematics from low frequency EEG signals.

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