Fabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-Loaded with Eugenol and Linalool for the Treatment of Trichophyton rubrum Infections

Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is the main cause of chronic dermatophytosis which is highly prevalent worldwide. This study was aimed to fabricate and characterize polymeric emulgel of eugenol and linalool for the treatment of T. rubrum infec...

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Autores principales:	Muhammad Abdullah Akram, Barkat Ali Khan, Muhammad Khalid Khan, Ali Alqahtani, Sultan M. Alshahrani, Khaled M. Hosny
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> eugenol linalool antifungal activity emulgel Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8ea08df704284de5acb0a231a483312f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8ea08df704284de5acb0a231a483312f2021-11-25T18:48:09ZFabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-Loaded with Eugenol and Linalool for the Treatment of <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Infections10.3390/polym132239042073-4360https://doaj.org/article/8ea08df704284de5acb0a231a483312f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/3904https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360<i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> (<i>T. rubrum</i>) is the main cause of chronic dermatophytosis which is highly prevalent worldwide. This study was aimed to fabricate and characterize polymeric emulgel of eugenol and linalool for the treatment of <i>T. rubrum</i> infections. Using the slow emulsification method, the emulgel was prepared and characterized for thermodynamic stability, pH analysis, viscosity, spreadability, swelling behavior, %drug content, surface morphology, globules size, polydispersity index, surface charge (mV), thermal behavior, in vitro drug release and XRD studies. Biological activities of emulgel were conducted against <i>T. rubrum</i> in vitro and in vivo. Results indicated that emulgel formulations were thermodynamically stable. The pH of the formulations was within an acceptable range for skin. The viscosity and spreadability were optimum for the better patient compliance. The swelling behavior was 111.10 ± 1.25% after 90 min. The drug content was within the official pharmacopeia limit i.e., 100 ± 10%. The surface morphology revealed by scanning electron microscopy showed a spherical-shaped structure with characteristic larger cracks and wrinkles. The droplet size, PDI, and surface charge of the optimized emulgel were 888.45 ± 8.78 nm, 0.44 and −20.30 mV, respectively. The emulgel released 84.32% of eugenol and 76.93% of linalool after 12 h. There was complete disappearance of the diffraction peaks corresponding to the drugs after XRD analysis. In rabbits, the infection was safely and completely recovered after 12 days and the emulgel produced significant effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05) similar to the standard product Clotrim<sup>®</sup>. It is concluded that the eugenol–linalool emulgel best described all its physical properties and can be applied topically for the treatment of <i>T. rubrum</i> infections.Muhammad Abdullah AkramBarkat Ali KhanMuhammad Khalid KhanAli AlqahtaniSultan M. AlshahraniKhaled M. HosnyMDPI AGarticle<i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>eugenollinaloolantifungal activityemulgelOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3904, p 3904 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> eugenol linalool antifungal activity emulgel Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	<i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> eugenol linalool antifungal activity emulgel Organic chemistry QD241-441 Muhammad Abdullah Akram Barkat Ali Khan Muhammad Khalid Khan Ali Alqahtani Sultan M. Alshahrani Khaled M. Hosny Fabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-Loaded with Eugenol and Linalool for the Treatment of <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Infections
description	<i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> (<i>T. rubrum</i>) is the main cause of chronic dermatophytosis which is highly prevalent worldwide. This study was aimed to fabricate and characterize polymeric emulgel of eugenol and linalool for the treatment of <i>T. rubrum</i> infections. Using the slow emulsification method, the emulgel was prepared and characterized for thermodynamic stability, pH analysis, viscosity, spreadability, swelling behavior, %drug content, surface morphology, globules size, polydispersity index, surface charge (mV), thermal behavior, in vitro drug release and XRD studies. Biological activities of emulgel were conducted against <i>T. rubrum</i> in vitro and in vivo. Results indicated that emulgel formulations were thermodynamically stable. The pH of the formulations was within an acceptable range for skin. The viscosity and spreadability were optimum for the better patient compliance. The swelling behavior was 111.10 ± 1.25% after 90 min. The drug content was within the official pharmacopeia limit i.e., 100 ± 10%. The surface morphology revealed by scanning electron microscopy showed a spherical-shaped structure with characteristic larger cracks and wrinkles. The droplet size, PDI, and surface charge of the optimized emulgel were 888.45 ± 8.78 nm, 0.44 and −20.30 mV, respectively. The emulgel released 84.32% of eugenol and 76.93% of linalool after 12 h. There was complete disappearance of the diffraction peaks corresponding to the drugs after XRD analysis. In rabbits, the infection was safely and completely recovered after 12 days and the emulgel produced significant effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05) similar to the standard product Clotrim<sup>®</sup>. It is concluded that the eugenol–linalool emulgel best described all its physical properties and can be applied topically for the treatment of <i>T. rubrum</i> infections.
format	article
author	Muhammad Abdullah Akram Barkat Ali Khan Muhammad Khalid Khan Ali Alqahtani Sultan M. Alshahrani Khaled M. Hosny
author_facet	Muhammad Abdullah Akram Barkat Ali Khan Muhammad Khalid Khan Ali Alqahtani Sultan M. Alshahrani Khaled M. Hosny
author_sort	Muhammad Abdullah Akram
title	Fabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-Loaded with Eugenol and Linalool for the Treatment of <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Infections
title_short	Fabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-Loaded with Eugenol and Linalool for the Treatment of <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Infections
title_full	Fabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-Loaded with Eugenol and Linalool for the Treatment of <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Infections
title_fullStr	Fabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-Loaded with Eugenol and Linalool for the Treatment of <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Infections
title_full_unstemmed	Fabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-Loaded with Eugenol and Linalool for the Treatment of <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Infections
title_sort	fabrication and characterization of polymeric pharmaceutical emulgel co-loaded with eugenol and linalool for the treatment of <i>trichophyton rubrum</i> infections
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8ea08df704284de5acb0a231a483312f
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Fabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-Loaded with Eugenol and Linalool for the Treatment of <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Infections

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