Whimbrel populations differ in trans-atlantic pathways and cyclone encounters

Abstract Each year hundreds of millions of birds cross the Atlantic Ocean during the peak of tropical cyclone activity. The extent and consequences of migrant-storm interactions remain unknown. We tracked whimbrels from two populations (Mackenzie Delta; Hudson Bay) to examine overlap between migrati...

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Autores principales:	Bryan D. Watts, Fletcher M. Smith, Chance Hines, Laura Duval, Diana J. Hamilton, Tim Keyes, Julie Paquet, Lisa Pirie-Dominix, Jennie Rausch, Barry Truitt, Brad Winn, Paul Woodard
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8ea2b2336a5f4213bc44a32f8444d293
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8ea2b2336a5f4213bc44a32f8444d2932021-12-02T18:02:49ZWhimbrel populations differ in trans-atlantic pathways and cyclone encounters10.1038/s41598-021-92429-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8ea2b2336a5f4213bc44a32f8444d2932021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92429-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Each year hundreds of millions of birds cross the Atlantic Ocean during the peak of tropical cyclone activity. The extent and consequences of migrant-storm interactions remain unknown. We tracked whimbrels from two populations (Mackenzie Delta; Hudson Bay) to examine overlap between migration routes and storm activity and both the frequency and consequence of storm encounters. Here we show that Mackenzie Delta and Hudson Bay whimbrels follow different routes across the ocean and experience dramatically different rates of storm encounters. Mackenzie Delta whimbrels departed North America from Atlantic Canada, made long ( $$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 5440 ± 120.3 km) nonstop flights far out to sea that took several days ( $$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 6.1 ± 0.18) to complete and encountered storms during 3 of 22 crossings. Hudson Bay whimbrels departed North America from the south Atlantic Coast, made shorter ( $$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 3643 ± 196.2 km) nonstop flights across the Caribbean Basin that took less time ( $$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 4.5 ± 0.29) to complete and encountered storms during 13 of 18 crossings. More than half of Hudson Bay storm encounters resulted in groundings on Caribbean islands. Grounded birds required longer ( $$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 30.4 ± 5.32 days) to complete trans-Atlantic crossings and three were lost including 2 to hunters and 1 to a predator. One of the Mackenzie Delta whimbrels was lost at sea while crossing the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Whimbrels use two contrasting strategies to cross the Atlantic including (1) a long nonstop flight around the core of storm activity with a low likelihood of encountering storms but no safety net and (2) a shorter flight through the heart of Hurricane Alley with a high likelihood of encountering storms and a safety network of islands to use in the event of an encounter. Demographic consequences of storm encounters will likely play a role in the ongoing evolution of trans-Atlantic migration pathways as global temperatures continue to rise.Bryan D. WattsFletcher M. SmithChance HinesLaura DuvalDiana J. HamiltonTim KeyesJulie PaquetLisa Pirie-DominixJennie RauschBarry TruittBrad WinnPaul WoodardNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bryan D. Watts Fletcher M. Smith Chance Hines Laura Duval Diana J. Hamilton Tim Keyes Julie Paquet Lisa Pirie-Dominix Jennie Rausch Barry Truitt Brad Winn Paul Woodard Whimbrel populations differ in trans-atlantic pathways and cyclone encounters
description	Abstract Each year hundreds of millions of birds cross the Atlantic Ocean during the peak of tropical cyclone activity. The extent and consequences of migrant-storm interactions remain unknown. We tracked whimbrels from two populations (Mackenzie Delta; Hudson Bay) to examine overlap between migration routes and storm activity and both the frequency and consequence of storm encounters. Here we show that Mackenzie Delta and Hudson Bay whimbrels follow different routes across the ocean and experience dramatically different rates of storm encounters. Mackenzie Delta whimbrels departed North America from Atlantic Canada, made long ( $$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 5440 ± 120.3 km) nonstop flights far out to sea that took several days ( $$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 6.1 ± 0.18) to complete and encountered storms during 3 of 22 crossings. Hudson Bay whimbrels departed North America from the south Atlantic Coast, made shorter ( $$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 3643 ± 196.2 km) nonstop flights across the Caribbean Basin that took less time ( $$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 4.5 ± 0.29) to complete and encountered storms during 13 of 18 crossings. More than half of Hudson Bay storm encounters resulted in groundings on Caribbean islands. Grounded birds required longer ( $$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 30.4 ± 5.32 days) to complete trans-Atlantic crossings and three were lost including 2 to hunters and 1 to a predator. One of the Mackenzie Delta whimbrels was lost at sea while crossing the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Whimbrels use two contrasting strategies to cross the Atlantic including (1) a long nonstop flight around the core of storm activity with a low likelihood of encountering storms but no safety net and (2) a shorter flight through the heart of Hurricane Alley with a high likelihood of encountering storms and a safety network of islands to use in the event of an encounter. Demographic consequences of storm encounters will likely play a role in the ongoing evolution of trans-Atlantic migration pathways as global temperatures continue to rise.
format	article
author	Bryan D. Watts Fletcher M. Smith Chance Hines Laura Duval Diana J. Hamilton Tim Keyes Julie Paquet Lisa Pirie-Dominix Jennie Rausch Barry Truitt Brad Winn Paul Woodard
author_facet	Bryan D. Watts Fletcher M. Smith Chance Hines Laura Duval Diana J. Hamilton Tim Keyes Julie Paquet Lisa Pirie-Dominix Jennie Rausch Barry Truitt Brad Winn Paul Woodard
author_sort	Bryan D. Watts
title	Whimbrel populations differ in trans-atlantic pathways and cyclone encounters
title_short	Whimbrel populations differ in trans-atlantic pathways and cyclone encounters
title_full	Whimbrel populations differ in trans-atlantic pathways and cyclone encounters
title_fullStr	Whimbrel populations differ in trans-atlantic pathways and cyclone encounters
title_full_unstemmed	Whimbrel populations differ in trans-atlantic pathways and cyclone encounters
title_sort	whimbrel populations differ in trans-atlantic pathways and cyclone encounters
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8ea2b2336a5f4213bc44a32f8444d293
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Whimbrel populations differ in trans-atlantic pathways and cyclone encounters

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