Chemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (Rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos

Abstract Chemical cues produced by late-stage embryos of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) attract older conspecific larvae, which are highly cannibalistic and can consume an entire clutch. To clarify the molecular basis of this attraction response, we presented captive tadpoles with components presen...

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Autores principales:	Michael R. Crossland, Angela A. Salim, Robert J. Capon, Richard Shine
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8ea7b1abda614b9b8d7ef09680c7d804
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8ea7b1abda614b9b8d7ef09680c7d8042021-12-02T17:41:10ZChemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (Rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos10.1038/s41598-021-90233-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8ea7b1abda614b9b8d7ef09680c7d8042021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90233-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Chemical cues produced by late-stage embryos of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) attract older conspecific larvae, which are highly cannibalistic and can consume an entire clutch. To clarify the molecular basis of this attraction response, we presented captive tadpoles with components present in toad eggs. As previously reported, attractivity arises from the distinctive toxins (bufadienolides) produced by cane toads, with some toxins (e.g., bufagenins) much stronger attractants than others (e.g., bufotoxins). Extracts of frozen toad parotoid glands (rich in bufagenins) were more attractive than were fresh MeOH extracts of the parotoid secretion (rich in bufotoxins), and purified marinobufagin was more effective than marinobufotoxin. Cardenolide aglycones (e.g., digitoxigenin) were active attractors, whereas C-3 glycosides (e.g., digoxin, oubain) were far less effective. A structure–activity relationship study revealed that tadpole attractant potency strongly correlated with Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitory activity, suggesting that tadpoles monitor and rapidly react to perturbations to Na+/K+ ATPase activity.Michael R. CrosslandAngela A. SalimRobert J. CaponRichard ShineNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michael R. Crossland Angela A. Salim Robert J. Capon Richard Shine Chemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (Rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos
description	Abstract Chemical cues produced by late-stage embryos of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) attract older conspecific larvae, which are highly cannibalistic and can consume an entire clutch. To clarify the molecular basis of this attraction response, we presented captive tadpoles with components present in toad eggs. As previously reported, attractivity arises from the distinctive toxins (bufadienolides) produced by cane toads, with some toxins (e.g., bufagenins) much stronger attractants than others (e.g., bufotoxins). Extracts of frozen toad parotoid glands (rich in bufagenins) were more attractive than were fresh MeOH extracts of the parotoid secretion (rich in bufotoxins), and purified marinobufagin was more effective than marinobufotoxin. Cardenolide aglycones (e.g., digitoxigenin) were active attractors, whereas C-3 glycosides (e.g., digoxin, oubain) were far less effective. A structure–activity relationship study revealed that tadpole attractant potency strongly correlated with Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitory activity, suggesting that tadpoles monitor and rapidly react to perturbations to Na+/K+ ATPase activity.
format	article
author	Michael R. Crossland Angela A. Salim Robert J. Capon Richard Shine
author_facet	Michael R. Crossland Angela A. Salim Robert J. Capon Richard Shine
author_sort	Michael R. Crossland
title	Chemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (Rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos
title_short	Chemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (Rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos
title_full	Chemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (Rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos
title_fullStr	Chemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (Rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos
title_full_unstemmed	Chemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (Rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos
title_sort	chemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8ea7b1abda614b9b8d7ef09680c7d804
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Chemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (Rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos

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