Inflammaging as the basis of age-associated diseases

Aging is one of the most complex biological phenomena that affects all human physiological systems, including the immune system. Immunosenescence is understood as structural and functional changes in both adaptive and innate immunity systems. The so-called inflammaging is among manifestations of imm...

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Autores principales:	O. V. Artemyeva, L. V. Gankovskaya
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	RU
Publicado:	SPb RAACI 2020
Materias:	inflammaging innate immunity pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp) damage-associated molecular pattern (damp) tlr inflammasome proinflammatory cytokines age-associated diseases Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8eaebda5b06040b499544b49af05f6f5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8eaebda5b06040b499544b49af05f6f52021-11-18T08:03:49ZInflammaging as the basis of age-associated diseases1563-06252313-741X10.15789/1563-0625-IAT-1938https://doaj.org/article/8eaebda5b06040b499544b49af05f6f52020-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1938https://doaj.org/toc/1563-0625https://doaj.org/toc/2313-741XAging is one of the most complex biological phenomena that affects all human physiological systems, including the immune system. Immunosenescence is understood as structural and functional changes in both adaptive and innate immunity systems. The so-called inflammaging is among manifestations of immune aging. It is an age-related increase in inflammatory mediators and development of an inflammatory phenotype. An important role in development of inflammaging is assigned to chronic stimulation of immune system by exogenous and endogenous danger signals (pathogen-associated molecular pattern, PAMP and damage-associated molecular pattern, DAMP), which include viruses, microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, free radicals, etc. PAMP and DAMP are recognized by the innate immunity system cells through the pattern recognition receptors (PRR), e.g., Toll-like receptors (TLR), RIG-I-like receptors (RLR), NODlike receptors (NLR), lectin receptors. Stimulation of PRR leads to activation of intracellular signaling and increased expression of pro-inflammatory factors. PAMPs are the most powerful activators of PRR and inflammation triggers; DAMPs can activate the same receptors and signaling pathways, causing the development of a sterile inflammatory response. The NF-kB signaling pathway is considered as a key signaling pathway for inflammaging. NLR stimulation also leads to formation of inflammasome. Its function is to transform the pro-inflammatory cytokines to a biologically active form, which is an important for the formation of a pro-inflammatory phenotype and development of inflammaging. This process is considered an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality among older people. Chronic inflammation underlies pathogenesis of many age-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes. Various chronic diseases associated with age are directly related to PAMP and DAMP-induced TLR or NLRP3-mediated inflammatory response. Hence, these ligands and their receptors can be suggested as biomarkers and interventional targets for age-related disorders. Despite numerous studies in age-associated pathology, there are only few works on the contribution of innate immunity in healthy aging. It remains unclear whether the inflammatory phenotype is a manifestation of healthy aging, or it is associated with development of age-related pathology. Further study of the mechanisms of inflammatory aging will reveal biomarkers of healthy aging and potential targets for the treatment of age-associated diseases.O. V. ArtemyevaL. V. GankovskayaSPb RAACIarticleinflammaginginnate immunitypathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp)damage-associated molecular pattern (damp)tlrinflammasomeproinflammatory cytokinesage-associated diseasesImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607RUMedicinskaâ Immunologiâ, Vol 22, Iss 3, Pp 419-432 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	RU
topic	inflammaging innate immunity pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp) damage-associated molecular pattern (damp) tlr inflammasome proinflammatory cytokines age-associated diseases Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	inflammaging innate immunity pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp) damage-associated molecular pattern (damp) tlr inflammasome proinflammatory cytokines age-associated diseases Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 O. V. Artemyeva L. V. Gankovskaya Inflammaging as the basis of age-associated diseases
description	Aging is one of the most complex biological phenomena that affects all human physiological systems, including the immune system. Immunosenescence is understood as structural and functional changes in both adaptive and innate immunity systems. The so-called inflammaging is among manifestations of immune aging. It is an age-related increase in inflammatory mediators and development of an inflammatory phenotype. An important role in development of inflammaging is assigned to chronic stimulation of immune system by exogenous and endogenous danger signals (pathogen-associated molecular pattern, PAMP and damage-associated molecular pattern, DAMP), which include viruses, microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, free radicals, etc. PAMP and DAMP are recognized by the innate immunity system cells through the pattern recognition receptors (PRR), e.g., Toll-like receptors (TLR), RIG-I-like receptors (RLR), NODlike receptors (NLR), lectin receptors. Stimulation of PRR leads to activation of intracellular signaling and increased expression of pro-inflammatory factors. PAMPs are the most powerful activators of PRR and inflammation triggers; DAMPs can activate the same receptors and signaling pathways, causing the development of a sterile inflammatory response. The NF-kB signaling pathway is considered as a key signaling pathway for inflammaging. NLR stimulation also leads to formation of inflammasome. Its function is to transform the pro-inflammatory cytokines to a biologically active form, which is an important for the formation of a pro-inflammatory phenotype and development of inflammaging. This process is considered an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality among older people. Chronic inflammation underlies pathogenesis of many age-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes. Various chronic diseases associated with age are directly related to PAMP and DAMP-induced TLR or NLRP3-mediated inflammatory response. Hence, these ligands and their receptors can be suggested as biomarkers and interventional targets for age-related disorders. Despite numerous studies in age-associated pathology, there are only few works on the contribution of innate immunity in healthy aging. It remains unclear whether the inflammatory phenotype is a manifestation of healthy aging, or it is associated with development of age-related pathology. Further study of the mechanisms of inflammatory aging will reveal biomarkers of healthy aging and potential targets for the treatment of age-associated diseases.
format	article
author	O. V. Artemyeva L. V. Gankovskaya
author_facet	O. V. Artemyeva L. V. Gankovskaya
author_sort	O. V. Artemyeva
title	Inflammaging as the basis of age-associated diseases
title_short	Inflammaging as the basis of age-associated diseases
title_full	Inflammaging as the basis of age-associated diseases
title_fullStr	Inflammaging as the basis of age-associated diseases
title_full_unstemmed	Inflammaging as the basis of age-associated diseases
title_sort	inflammaging as the basis of age-associated diseases
publisher	SPb RAACI
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/8eaebda5b06040b499544b49af05f6f5
work_keys_str_mv	AT ovartemyeva inflammagingasthebasisofageassociateddiseases AT lvgankovskaya inflammagingasthebasisofageassociateddiseases
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Inflammaging as the basis of age-associated diseases

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