A Metabolomic Investigation of Eugenol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29 by Modifying the Expression of APC, p53, and KRAS Genes

Colorectal cancer is one of the most lethal cancers with a high mortality rate. Chemotherapy results in drug resistance in some cases; hence, herbal medicines are sometimes used in adjunct with it. Eugenol has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Metabolom...

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Autores principales:	Elham Ghodousi-Dehnavi, Reza H. Hosseini, Mohammad Arjmand, Sima Nasri, Zahra Zamani
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8ebfba77dc85492886c7119d2de8f126
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8ebfba77dc85492886c7119d2de8f1262021-11-29T00:57:08ZA Metabolomic Investigation of Eugenol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29 by Modifying the Expression of APC, p53, and KRAS Genes1741-428810.1155/2021/1448206https://doaj.org/article/8ebfba77dc85492886c7119d2de8f1262021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1448206https://doaj.org/toc/1741-4288Colorectal cancer is one of the most lethal cancers with a high mortality rate. Chemotherapy results in drug resistance in some cases; hence, herbal medicines are sometimes used in adjunct with it. Eugenol has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Metabolomics is a study of metabolic changes within an organism using high-throughput technology. The purpose of this research was to investigate the anticancer effects of eugenol and variations in p53, KRAS, and APC gene expression and metabolic changes associated with the abovementioned gene expressions using 1HNMR spectroscopy. The MTT method was used to determine cell viability and its IC50 detected. After treating HT-29 cells with IC50 concentration of eugenol, RNA was extracted and cDNA was obtained from them and the expression of p53, KRAS, and APC genes was measured using the qRT-PCR technique. Metabolites were extracted using the chloroform-ethanol method, lyophilized, and sent for 1HNMR spectroscopy using the 1D-NOESY protocol. Chemometrics analysis such as PLS-DA was performed, and differentiated metabolites were identified using the Human Metabolome Database. Integrated metabolic analysis using the metabolites and gene expression was performed by the MetaboAnalyst website. The observed IC50 for eugenol was 500 μM, and the relative expression of APC and p53 genes in the treated cells increased compared to the control group, and the expression of KRAS oncogene gene decreased significantly. The crucial changes in convergent metabolic phenotype with genes were identified. The results indicate that eugenol exhibits its antitumor properties by targeting a specific biochemical pathway in the cell’s metabolome profile due to changes in genes involved in colon cancer.Elham Ghodousi-DehnaviReza H. HosseiniMohammad ArjmandSima NasriZahra ZamaniHindawi LimitedarticleOther systems of medicineRZ201-999ENEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
spellingShingle	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999 Elham Ghodousi-Dehnavi Reza H. Hosseini Mohammad Arjmand Sima Nasri Zahra Zamani A Metabolomic Investigation of Eugenol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29 by Modifying the Expression of APC, p53, and KRAS Genes
description	Colorectal cancer is one of the most lethal cancers with a high mortality rate. Chemotherapy results in drug resistance in some cases; hence, herbal medicines are sometimes used in adjunct with it. Eugenol has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Metabolomics is a study of metabolic changes within an organism using high-throughput technology. The purpose of this research was to investigate the anticancer effects of eugenol and variations in p53, KRAS, and APC gene expression and metabolic changes associated with the abovementioned gene expressions using 1HNMR spectroscopy. The MTT method was used to determine cell viability and its IC50 detected. After treating HT-29 cells with IC50 concentration of eugenol, RNA was extracted and cDNA was obtained from them and the expression of p53, KRAS, and APC genes was measured using the qRT-PCR technique. Metabolites were extracted using the chloroform-ethanol method, lyophilized, and sent for 1HNMR spectroscopy using the 1D-NOESY protocol. Chemometrics analysis such as PLS-DA was performed, and differentiated metabolites were identified using the Human Metabolome Database. Integrated metabolic analysis using the metabolites and gene expression was performed by the MetaboAnalyst website. The observed IC50 for eugenol was 500 μM, and the relative expression of APC and p53 genes in the treated cells increased compared to the control group, and the expression of KRAS oncogene gene decreased significantly. The crucial changes in convergent metabolic phenotype with genes were identified. The results indicate that eugenol exhibits its antitumor properties by targeting a specific biochemical pathway in the cell’s metabolome profile due to changes in genes involved in colon cancer.
format	article
author	Elham Ghodousi-Dehnavi Reza H. Hosseini Mohammad Arjmand Sima Nasri Zahra Zamani
author_facet	Elham Ghodousi-Dehnavi Reza H. Hosseini Mohammad Arjmand Sima Nasri Zahra Zamani
author_sort	Elham Ghodousi-Dehnavi
title	A Metabolomic Investigation of Eugenol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29 by Modifying the Expression of APC, p53, and KRAS Genes
title_short	A Metabolomic Investigation of Eugenol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29 by Modifying the Expression of APC, p53, and KRAS Genes
title_full	A Metabolomic Investigation of Eugenol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29 by Modifying the Expression of APC, p53, and KRAS Genes
title_fullStr	A Metabolomic Investigation of Eugenol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29 by Modifying the Expression of APC, p53, and KRAS Genes
title_full_unstemmed	A Metabolomic Investigation of Eugenol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29 by Modifying the Expression of APC, p53, and KRAS Genes
title_sort	metabolomic investigation of eugenol on colorectal cancer cell line ht-29 by modifying the expression of apc, p53, and kras genes
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8ebfba77dc85492886c7119d2de8f126
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A Metabolomic Investigation of Eugenol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29 by Modifying the Expression of APC, p53, and KRAS Genes

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