Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands

Abstract Cyclotides are cyclic peptides produced by plants. Due to their insecticidal properties, they are thought to be involved in host defense. Violets produce complex mixtures of cyclotides, that are characteristic for each species and variable in different environments. Herein, we utilized mass...

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Autores principales:	Blazej Slazak, Klara Kaltenböck, Karin Steffen, Martyna Rogala, Priscila Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Anna Nilsson, Reza Shariatgorji, Per E. Andrén, Ulf Göransson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8ee083cf3458453bafa790f846803a89
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8ee083cf3458453bafa790f846803a892021-12-02T17:41:33ZCyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands10.1038/s41598-021-91555-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8ee083cf3458453bafa790f846803a892021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91555-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cyclotides are cyclic peptides produced by plants. Due to their insecticidal properties, they are thought to be involved in host defense. Violets produce complex mixtures of cyclotides, that are characteristic for each species and variable in different environments. Herein, we utilized mass spectrometry (LC–MS, MALDI-MS), transcriptomics and biological assays to investigate the diversity, differences in cyclotide expression based on species and different environment, and antimicrobial activity of cyclotides found in violets from the Canary Islands. A wide range of different habitats can be found on these islands, from subtropical forests to dry volcano peaks at high altitudes. The islands are inhabited by the endemic Viola palmensis, V. cheiranthifolia, V. anagae and the common V. odorata. The number of cyclotides produced by a given species varied in plants from different environments. The highest diversity was noted in V. anagae which resides in subtropical forest and the lowest in V. cheiranthifolia from the Teide volcano. Transcriptome sequencing and LC–MS were used to identify 23 cyclotide sequences from V. anagae. Cyclotide extracts exhibited antifungal activities with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations noted for V. anagae (15.62 μg/ml against Fusarium culmorum). The analysis of the relative abundance of 30 selected cyclotides revealed patterns characteristic to both species and populations, which can be the result of genetic variability or environmental conditions in different habitats. The current study exemplifies how plants tailor their host defense peptides for various habitats, and the usefulness of cyclotides as markers for chemosystematics.Blazej SlazakKlara KaltenböckKarin SteffenMartyna RogalaPriscila Rodríguez-RodríguezAnna NilssonReza ShariatgorjiPer E. AndrénUlf GöranssonNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Blazej Slazak Klara Kaltenböck Karin Steffen Martyna Rogala Priscila Rodríguez-Rodríguez Anna Nilsson Reza Shariatgorji Per E. Andrén Ulf Göransson Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands
description	Abstract Cyclotides are cyclic peptides produced by plants. Due to their insecticidal properties, they are thought to be involved in host defense. Violets produce complex mixtures of cyclotides, that are characteristic for each species and variable in different environments. Herein, we utilized mass spectrometry (LC–MS, MALDI-MS), transcriptomics and biological assays to investigate the diversity, differences in cyclotide expression based on species and different environment, and antimicrobial activity of cyclotides found in violets from the Canary Islands. A wide range of different habitats can be found on these islands, from subtropical forests to dry volcano peaks at high altitudes. The islands are inhabited by the endemic Viola palmensis, V. cheiranthifolia, V. anagae and the common V. odorata. The number of cyclotides produced by a given species varied in plants from different environments. The highest diversity was noted in V. anagae which resides in subtropical forest and the lowest in V. cheiranthifolia from the Teide volcano. Transcriptome sequencing and LC–MS were used to identify 23 cyclotide sequences from V. anagae. Cyclotide extracts exhibited antifungal activities with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations noted for V. anagae (15.62 μg/ml against Fusarium culmorum). The analysis of the relative abundance of 30 selected cyclotides revealed patterns characteristic to both species and populations, which can be the result of genetic variability or environmental conditions in different habitats. The current study exemplifies how plants tailor their host defense peptides for various habitats, and the usefulness of cyclotides as markers for chemosystematics.
format	article
author	Blazej Slazak Klara Kaltenböck Karin Steffen Martyna Rogala Priscila Rodríguez-Rodríguez Anna Nilsson Reza Shariatgorji Per E. Andrén Ulf Göransson
author_facet	Blazej Slazak Klara Kaltenböck Karin Steffen Martyna Rogala Priscila Rodríguez-Rodríguez Anna Nilsson Reza Shariatgorji Per E. Andrén Ulf Göransson
author_sort	Blazej Slazak
title	Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands
title_short	Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands
title_full	Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands
title_fullStr	Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands
title_full_unstemmed	Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands
title_sort	cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the canary islands
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8ee083cf3458453bafa790f846803a89
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Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands

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