Bacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea
Traditionally made Kochujang (TMK) is a long-term fermented soybean and rice mixture with red pepper and salts. The ambient bacteria in rice straw and nutrient components of Kochujang influence the bacteria community. We aimed to investigate the bacterial composition and quality of TMK from differen...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/8ee40a304ead4156839d9e74c6a0ae50 |
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| Sumario: | Traditionally made Kochujang (TMK) is a long-term fermented soybean and rice mixture with red pepper and salts. The ambient bacteria in rice straw and nutrient components of Kochujang influence the bacteria community. We aimed to investigate the bacterial composition and quality of TMK from different provinces of Korea: Chungcheung (CC), Jeolla (JL), Kyungsang (KS), and GeongGee plus Kangwon (GK) provinces, and Jeju island (JJ). Furthermore, <i>Bacillus</i> spp. isolated from TMK were studied to have anti-cerebrovascular disease activity and probiotic properties. Seventy-three TMK samples from different regions were collected to assess the biogenic amine contents, bacteria composition using next-generation methods, and bacterial functions using Picrust2. <i>Bacillus</i> spp. was isolated from the collected TMK, and their antioxidant, fibrinolytic, and angiotensin I conversion enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities and probiotic properties were examined. KS TMK had lower sodium contents than the other TMK. There were no significant differences in histamine and tyramine contents among the TMK samples in different provinces. The predominant bacteria in TMK was <i>Bacillus</i> spp., but KS included much less <i>Bacillus</i> spp. and higher <i>Enterococcus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> than the other TMK. Gene expression related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was higher in KS TMK than the other TMK in Picrust2. The predominant <i>Bacillus</i> spp. isolated from TMK was <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i>. <i>B. subtilis</i> SRCM117233, SRCM117245, and SRCM117253 had antioxidant activity, whereas <i>B. subtilis</i> had higher fibrinolytic activity than other <i>Bacillus</i> spp. Only <i>B. velezensis</i> SRCM117254, SRCM117311, SRCM117314, and SRCM117318 had over 10% ACE inhibitory activity. In conclusion, KS had less <i>Bacillus</i> related to lower sodium contents than the other TMK. The specific strains of <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> had antioxidant, fibrinolytic, and ACE inhibitory activity, and they can be used as a starter culture to produce better quality controlled Kochujang with anti-cerebrovascular disease activities. |
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