Bacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea

Traditionally made Kochujang (TMK) is a long-term fermented soybean and rice mixture with red pepper and salts. The ambient bacteria in rice straw and nutrient components of Kochujang influence the bacteria community. We aimed to investigate the bacterial composition and quality of TMK from differen...

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Autores principales:	Gwangsu Ha, Hee-Jong Yang, Myeong-Seon Ryu, Su-Ji Jeong, Do-Youn Jeong, Sunmin Park
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	traditionally made Kochujang <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> fibrinolytic activity angiotensin I conversion enzyme inhibitory activity antioxidant activity Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8ee40a304ead4156839d9e74c6a0ae50
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8ee40a304ead4156839d9e74c6a0ae502021-11-25T18:24:28ZBacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea10.3390/microorganisms91122382076-2607https://doaj.org/article/8ee40a304ead4156839d9e74c6a0ae502021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2238https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Traditionally made Kochujang (TMK) is a long-term fermented soybean and rice mixture with red pepper and salts. The ambient bacteria in rice straw and nutrient components of Kochujang influence the bacteria community. We aimed to investigate the bacterial composition and quality of TMK from different provinces of Korea: Chungcheung (CC), Jeolla (JL), Kyungsang (KS), and GeongGee plus Kangwon (GK) provinces, and Jeju island (JJ). Furthermore, <i>Bacillus</i> spp. isolated from TMK were studied to have anti-cerebrovascular disease activity and probiotic properties. Seventy-three TMK samples from different regions were collected to assess the biogenic amine contents, bacteria composition using next-generation methods, and bacterial functions using Picrust2. <i>Bacillus</i> spp. was isolated from the collected TMK, and their antioxidant, fibrinolytic, and angiotensin I conversion enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities and probiotic properties were examined. KS TMK had lower sodium contents than the other TMK. There were no significant differences in histamine and tyramine contents among the TMK samples in different provinces. The predominant bacteria in TMK was <i>Bacillus</i> spp., but KS included much less <i>Bacillus</i> spp. and higher <i>Enterococcus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> than the other TMK. Gene expression related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was higher in KS TMK than the other TMK in Picrust2. The predominant <i>Bacillus</i> spp. isolated from TMK was <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i>. <i>B. subtilis</i> SRCM117233, SRCM117245, and SRCM117253 had antioxidant activity, whereas <i>B. subtilis</i> had higher fibrinolytic activity than other <i>Bacillus</i> spp. Only <i>B. velezensis</i> SRCM117254, SRCM117311, SRCM117314, and SRCM117318 had over 10% ACE inhibitory activity. In conclusion, KS had less <i>Bacillus</i> related to lower sodium contents than the other TMK. The specific strains of <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> had antioxidant, fibrinolytic, and ACE inhibitory activity, and they can be used as a starter culture to produce better quality controlled Kochujang with anti-cerebrovascular disease activities.Gwangsu HaHee-Jong YangMyeong-Seon RyuSu-Ji JeongDo-Youn JeongSunmin ParkMDPI AGarticletraditionally made Kochujang<i>Bacillus subtilis</i><i>Bacillus velezensis</i>fibrinolytic activityangiotensin I conversion enzyme inhibitory activityantioxidant activityBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2238, p 2238 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	traditionally made Kochujang <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> fibrinolytic activity angiotensin I conversion enzyme inhibitory activity antioxidant activity Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	traditionally made Kochujang <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> fibrinolytic activity angiotensin I conversion enzyme inhibitory activity antioxidant activity Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Gwangsu Ha Hee-Jong Yang Myeong-Seon Ryu Su-Ji Jeong Do-Youn Jeong Sunmin Park Bacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea
description	Traditionally made Kochujang (TMK) is a long-term fermented soybean and rice mixture with red pepper and salts. The ambient bacteria in rice straw and nutrient components of Kochujang influence the bacteria community. We aimed to investigate the bacterial composition and quality of TMK from different provinces of Korea: Chungcheung (CC), Jeolla (JL), Kyungsang (KS), and GeongGee plus Kangwon (GK) provinces, and Jeju island (JJ). Furthermore, <i>Bacillus</i> spp. isolated from TMK were studied to have anti-cerebrovascular disease activity and probiotic properties. Seventy-three TMK samples from different regions were collected to assess the biogenic amine contents, bacteria composition using next-generation methods, and bacterial functions using Picrust2. <i>Bacillus</i> spp. was isolated from the collected TMK, and their antioxidant, fibrinolytic, and angiotensin I conversion enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities and probiotic properties were examined. KS TMK had lower sodium contents than the other TMK. There were no significant differences in histamine and tyramine contents among the TMK samples in different provinces. The predominant bacteria in TMK was <i>Bacillus</i> spp., but KS included much less <i>Bacillus</i> spp. and higher <i>Enterococcus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> than the other TMK. Gene expression related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was higher in KS TMK than the other TMK in Picrust2. The predominant <i>Bacillus</i> spp. isolated from TMK was <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i>. <i>B. subtilis</i> SRCM117233, SRCM117245, and SRCM117253 had antioxidant activity, whereas <i>B. subtilis</i> had higher fibrinolytic activity than other <i>Bacillus</i> spp. Only <i>B. velezensis</i> SRCM117254, SRCM117311, SRCM117314, and SRCM117318 had over 10% ACE inhibitory activity. In conclusion, KS had less <i>Bacillus</i> related to lower sodium contents than the other TMK. The specific strains of <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> had antioxidant, fibrinolytic, and ACE inhibitory activity, and they can be used as a starter culture to produce better quality controlled Kochujang with anti-cerebrovascular disease activities.
format	article
author	Gwangsu Ha Hee-Jong Yang Myeong-Seon Ryu Su-Ji Jeong Do-Youn Jeong Sunmin Park
author_facet	Gwangsu Ha Hee-Jong Yang Myeong-Seon Ryu Su-Ji Jeong Do-Youn Jeong Sunmin Park
author_sort	Gwangsu Ha
title	Bacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea
title_short	Bacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea
title_full	Bacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea
title_fullStr	Bacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea
title_full_unstemmed	Bacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea
title_sort	bacterial community and anti-cerebrovascular disease-related <i>bacillus</i> species isolated from traditionally made kochujang from different provinces of korea
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8ee40a304ead4156839d9e74c6a0ae50
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Bacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea

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