Effects of graphene network formation on microstructure and mechanical properties of flax/epoxy nanocomposites

Various contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), ranging from 0 to 0.7 wt%, with an efficient solvent method were used to reinforce flax/epoxy composites and thereby correlate GNPs network formation with the degree of reinforcement in resultant nanocomposites. The microstructural features characte...

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Autores principales:	Abdolmajid Alipour, Richard Lin, Krishnan Jayaraman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Epoxy resin Flax fibre Graphene nanoplatelets Mechanical properties Microstructure Network formation Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8ee7655f558e416d9bbad6075323fc01
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8ee7655f558e416d9bbad6075323fc012021-11-04T04:31:57ZEffects of graphene network formation on microstructure and mechanical properties of flax/epoxy nanocomposites2238-785410.1016/j.jmrt.2021.10.082https://doaj.org/article/8ee7655f558e416d9bbad6075323fc012021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421012187https://doaj.org/toc/2238-7854Various contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), ranging from 0 to 0.7 wt%, with an efficient solvent method were used to reinforce flax/epoxy composites and thereby correlate GNPs network formation with the degree of reinforcement in resultant nanocomposites. The microstructural features characterised by wide X-ray diffraction (WAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) determined a correlation between GNPs reinforcing efficiency, nanolayers network formation and the number of layers. TEM analysis clarified that with a change in GNPs content, the distribution of nanolayers transformed from a zonal distribution to efficiently bridged networks contributing to maximum improvement in tensile and flexural properties at 0.5 wt% of GNPs. This was supported by morphological observations developed by SEM confirming various reinforcing mechanisms thanks to GNPs networks leading to enhanced interfacial adhesion between fibre and matrix. Likewise, with formation of networks, crack length at the interface of fibre and matrix and crack density in nanocomposites, determined from optical microscopy images of tensile-tested samples, received a significant decrease. TEM observations also proved that plane-to-plane and edge-to-edge contact areas of GNPs had paramount influences on reinforcement efficiency in nanocomposites. Exceeding the optimum content (0.5 wt%), the load transfer capability induced by GNPs network formation was adversely affected by plane-to-plane contacts of GNPs eventually leading to substantial reductions in mechanical properties. In drop weight impact analysis, GNPs networks also enhanced crack initiation energy and consequently reduced crack propagation energy and damage area in nanocomposites.Abdolmajid AlipourRichard LinKrishnan JayaramanElsevierarticleEpoxy resinFlax fibreGraphene nanoplateletsMechanical propertiesMicrostructureNetwork formationMining engineering. MetallurgyTN1-997ENJournal of Materials Research and Technology, Vol 15, Iss , Pp 4610-4622 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Epoxy resin Flax fibre Graphene nanoplatelets Mechanical properties Microstructure Network formation Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
spellingShingle	Epoxy resin Flax fibre Graphene nanoplatelets Mechanical properties Microstructure Network formation Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997 Abdolmajid Alipour Richard Lin Krishnan Jayaraman Effects of graphene network formation on microstructure and mechanical properties of flax/epoxy nanocomposites
description	Various contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), ranging from 0 to 0.7 wt%, with an efficient solvent method were used to reinforce flax/epoxy composites and thereby correlate GNPs network formation with the degree of reinforcement in resultant nanocomposites. The microstructural features characterised by wide X-ray diffraction (WAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) determined a correlation between GNPs reinforcing efficiency, nanolayers network formation and the number of layers. TEM analysis clarified that with a change in GNPs content, the distribution of nanolayers transformed from a zonal distribution to efficiently bridged networks contributing to maximum improvement in tensile and flexural properties at 0.5 wt% of GNPs. This was supported by morphological observations developed by SEM confirming various reinforcing mechanisms thanks to GNPs networks leading to enhanced interfacial adhesion between fibre and matrix. Likewise, with formation of networks, crack length at the interface of fibre and matrix and crack density in nanocomposites, determined from optical microscopy images of tensile-tested samples, received a significant decrease. TEM observations also proved that plane-to-plane and edge-to-edge contact areas of GNPs had paramount influences on reinforcement efficiency in nanocomposites. Exceeding the optimum content (0.5 wt%), the load transfer capability induced by GNPs network formation was adversely affected by plane-to-plane contacts of GNPs eventually leading to substantial reductions in mechanical properties. In drop weight impact analysis, GNPs networks also enhanced crack initiation energy and consequently reduced crack propagation energy and damage area in nanocomposites.
format	article
author	Abdolmajid Alipour Richard Lin Krishnan Jayaraman
author_facet	Abdolmajid Alipour Richard Lin Krishnan Jayaraman
author_sort	Abdolmajid Alipour
title	Effects of graphene network formation on microstructure and mechanical properties of flax/epoxy nanocomposites
title_short	Effects of graphene network formation on microstructure and mechanical properties of flax/epoxy nanocomposites
title_full	Effects of graphene network formation on microstructure and mechanical properties of flax/epoxy nanocomposites
title_fullStr	Effects of graphene network formation on microstructure and mechanical properties of flax/epoxy nanocomposites
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of graphene network formation on microstructure and mechanical properties of flax/epoxy nanocomposites
title_sort	effects of graphene network formation on microstructure and mechanical properties of flax/epoxy nanocomposites
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8ee7655f558e416d9bbad6075323fc01
work_keys_str_mv	AT abdolmajidalipour effectsofgraphenenetworkformationonmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesofflaxepoxynanocomposites AT richardlin effectsofgraphenenetworkformationonmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesofflaxepoxynanocomposites AT krishnanjayaraman effectsofgraphenenetworkformationonmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesofflaxepoxynanocomposites
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Effects of graphene network formation on microstructure and mechanical properties of flax/epoxy nanocomposites

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