Modeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region

Abstract The popular beaches of the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) border region are often impacted by untreated wastewater sourced from Mexico—via the Tijuana River Estuary (TJRE) and San Antonio de los Buenos outfall at the Pt. Bandera (SAB/PTB) shoreline, leading to impacted beaches and human illness....

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Autores principales:	Falk Feddersen, Alexandria B. Boehm, Sarah N. Giddings, Xiaodong Wu, Doug Liden
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2021
Materias:	human health norovirus transport and dilution surfzone San Diego Tijuana Environmental protection TD169-171.8
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8f0160b291fe46deb075ccb773865ba8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8f0160b291fe46deb075ccb773865ba82021-11-23T17:17:50ZModeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region2471-140310.1029/2021GH000490https://doaj.org/article/8f0160b291fe46deb075ccb773865ba82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1029/2021GH000490https://doaj.org/toc/2471-1403Abstract The popular beaches of the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) border region are often impacted by untreated wastewater sourced from Mexico—via the Tijuana River Estuary (TJRE) and San Antonio de los Buenos outfall at the Pt. Bandera (SAB/PTB) shoreline, leading to impacted beaches and human illness. The US‐Mexico‐Canada trade agreement will fund border infrastructure projects reducing untreated wastewater discharges. However, estimating project benefits such as reduced human illness and beach impacts is challenging. We develop a coupled hydrodynamic, norovirus (NoV) pathogen, and swimmer illness risk model with the wastewater sources for the year 2017. The model is used to evaluate the reduction in human illness and beach impacts under baseline conditions and three infrastructure diversion scenarios which (Scenario A) reduce SAB/PTB discharges and moderately reduce TJRE inflows or (Scenarios B, C) strongly reduce TJRE in inflows only. The model estimates shoreline untreated wastewater and NoV concentrations, and the number of NoV ill swimmers at Imperial Beach CA. In the Baseline, the percentage of swimmers becoming ill is 3.8% over 2017, increasing to 4.5% during the tourist season (Memorial to Labor Day) due to south‐swell driven SAB/PTB plumes. Overall, Scenario A provides the largest reduction in ill swimmers and beach impacts for the tourist season and full year. The 2017 tourist season TJRE inflows were not representative of those in 2020, yet, Scenario A likely still provides the greatest benefit in other years. This methodology can be applied to other coastal regions with wastewater inputs.Falk FeddersenAlexandria B. BoehmSarah N. GiddingsXiaodong WuDoug LidenAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)articlehuman healthnorovirustransport and dilutionsurfzoneSan DiegoTijuanaEnvironmental protectionTD169-171.8ENGeoHealth, Vol 5, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	human health norovirus transport and dilution surfzone San Diego Tijuana Environmental protection TD169-171.8
spellingShingle	human health norovirus transport and dilution surfzone San Diego Tijuana Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Falk Feddersen Alexandria B. Boehm Sarah N. Giddings Xiaodong Wu Doug Liden Modeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region
description	Abstract The popular beaches of the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) border region are often impacted by untreated wastewater sourced from Mexico—via the Tijuana River Estuary (TJRE) and San Antonio de los Buenos outfall at the Pt. Bandera (SAB/PTB) shoreline, leading to impacted beaches and human illness. The US‐Mexico‐Canada trade agreement will fund border infrastructure projects reducing untreated wastewater discharges. However, estimating project benefits such as reduced human illness and beach impacts is challenging. We develop a coupled hydrodynamic, norovirus (NoV) pathogen, and swimmer illness risk model with the wastewater sources for the year 2017. The model is used to evaluate the reduction in human illness and beach impacts under baseline conditions and three infrastructure diversion scenarios which (Scenario A) reduce SAB/PTB discharges and moderately reduce TJRE inflows or (Scenarios B, C) strongly reduce TJRE in inflows only. The model estimates shoreline untreated wastewater and NoV concentrations, and the number of NoV ill swimmers at Imperial Beach CA. In the Baseline, the percentage of swimmers becoming ill is 3.8% over 2017, increasing to 4.5% during the tourist season (Memorial to Labor Day) due to south‐swell driven SAB/PTB plumes. Overall, Scenario A provides the largest reduction in ill swimmers and beach impacts for the tourist season and full year. The 2017 tourist season TJRE inflows were not representative of those in 2020, yet, Scenario A likely still provides the greatest benefit in other years. This methodology can be applied to other coastal regions with wastewater inputs.
format	article
author	Falk Feddersen Alexandria B. Boehm Sarah N. Giddings Xiaodong Wu Doug Liden
author_facet	Falk Feddersen Alexandria B. Boehm Sarah N. Giddings Xiaodong Wu Doug Liden
author_sort	Falk Feddersen
title	Modeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region
title_short	Modeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region
title_full	Modeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region
title_fullStr	Modeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region
title_full_unstemmed	Modeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region
title_sort	modeling untreated wastewater evolution and swimmer illness for four wastewater infrastructure scenarios in the san diego‐tijuana (us/mx) border region
publisher	American Geophysical Union (AGU)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8f0160b291fe46deb075ccb773865ba8
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Modeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region

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