The Relationship between Microbial Community Evenness and Function in Slow Sand Filters

ABSTRACT Two full-scale slow sand filters (SSFs) were sampled periodically from April until November 2011 to study the spatial and temporal structures of the bacterial communities found in the filters. To monitor global changes in the microbial communities, DNA from sand samples taken at different d...

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Autores principales:	Sarah-Jane Haig, Christopher Quince, Robert L. Davies, Caetano C. Dorea, Gavin Collins
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2015
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8f3c40b51d864e9494bc3583beeec0fe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8f3c40b51d864e9494bc3583beeec0fe2021-11-15T15:41:30ZThe Relationship between Microbial Community Evenness and Function in Slow Sand Filters10.1128/mBio.00729-152150-7511https://doaj.org/article/8f3c40b51d864e9494bc3583beeec0fe2015-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00729-15https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Two full-scale slow sand filters (SSFs) were sampled periodically from April until November 2011 to study the spatial and temporal structures of the bacterial communities found in the filters. To monitor global changes in the microbial communities, DNA from sand samples taken at different depths and locations within the SSFs and at different filters ages was used for Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, 15 water quality parameters were monitored to assess filter performance, with functionally relevant microbial members being identified by using multivariate statistics. The bacterial diversity in the SSFs was found to be much larger than previously documented, with community composition being shaped by the characteristics of the SSFs (filter age and depth) and sampling characteristics (month, side, and distance from the influent and effluent pipes). We found that several key genera (Acidovorax, Halomonas, Sphingobium, and Sphingomonas) were associated with filter performance. In addition, at the whole-community level, a strong positive correlation was found between species evenness and filter performance. This study is the first to comprehensively characterize the microbial community of SSFs and link specific microbes to water quality parameters. In doing so, we reveal key patterns in microbial community structure that relate to overall community function. IMPORTANCE The supply of sustainable, energy-efficient, and safe drinking water to an increasing world population is a huge challenge faced by the water industry. SSFs have been used for hundreds of years to provide a safe and reliable source of potable drinking water, with minimal energy requirements. However, a lack of knowledge pertaining to the treatment mechanisms, particularly the biological processes, underpinning SSF operation has meant that SSFs are still operated as “black boxes.” Understanding these dynamics alongside performance-induced effects associated with operational differences will promote optimized SSF design, maintenance, and operation, creating more efficient and environmentally sustainable filters. Through a spatial-temporal survey of full-scale SSFs at various points of operation, we present the most detailed characterization to date of the functional microbial communities found in SSFs, linking various taxa and community metrics to optimal water quality production.Sarah-Jane HaigChristopher QuinceRobert L. DaviesCaetano C. DoreaGavin CollinsAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 6, Iss 5 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Sarah-Jane Haig Christopher Quince Robert L. Davies Caetano C. Dorea Gavin Collins The Relationship between Microbial Community Evenness and Function in Slow Sand Filters
description	ABSTRACT Two full-scale slow sand filters (SSFs) were sampled periodically from April until November 2011 to study the spatial and temporal structures of the bacterial communities found in the filters. To monitor global changes in the microbial communities, DNA from sand samples taken at different depths and locations within the SSFs and at different filters ages was used for Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, 15 water quality parameters were monitored to assess filter performance, with functionally relevant microbial members being identified by using multivariate statistics. The bacterial diversity in the SSFs was found to be much larger than previously documented, with community composition being shaped by the characteristics of the SSFs (filter age and depth) and sampling characteristics (month, side, and distance from the influent and effluent pipes). We found that several key genera (Acidovorax, Halomonas, Sphingobium, and Sphingomonas) were associated with filter performance. In addition, at the whole-community level, a strong positive correlation was found between species evenness and filter performance. This study is the first to comprehensively characterize the microbial community of SSFs and link specific microbes to water quality parameters. In doing so, we reveal key patterns in microbial community structure that relate to overall community function. IMPORTANCE The supply of sustainable, energy-efficient, and safe drinking water to an increasing world population is a huge challenge faced by the water industry. SSFs have been used for hundreds of years to provide a safe and reliable source of potable drinking water, with minimal energy requirements. However, a lack of knowledge pertaining to the treatment mechanisms, particularly the biological processes, underpinning SSF operation has meant that SSFs are still operated as “black boxes.” Understanding these dynamics alongside performance-induced effects associated with operational differences will promote optimized SSF design, maintenance, and operation, creating more efficient and environmentally sustainable filters. Through a spatial-temporal survey of full-scale SSFs at various points of operation, we present the most detailed characterization to date of the functional microbial communities found in SSFs, linking various taxa and community metrics to optimal water quality production.
format	article
author	Sarah-Jane Haig Christopher Quince Robert L. Davies Caetano C. Dorea Gavin Collins
author_facet	Sarah-Jane Haig Christopher Quince Robert L. Davies Caetano C. Dorea Gavin Collins
author_sort	Sarah-Jane Haig
title	The Relationship between Microbial Community Evenness and Function in Slow Sand Filters
title_short	The Relationship between Microbial Community Evenness and Function in Slow Sand Filters
title_full	The Relationship between Microbial Community Evenness and Function in Slow Sand Filters
title_fullStr	The Relationship between Microbial Community Evenness and Function in Slow Sand Filters
title_full_unstemmed	The Relationship between Microbial Community Evenness and Function in Slow Sand Filters
title_sort	relationship between microbial community evenness and function in slow sand filters
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/8f3c40b51d864e9494bc3583beeec0fe
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The Relationship between Microbial Community Evenness and Function in Slow Sand Filters

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