Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study

Erik Kindgren,1,2 Antonia Quiñones Perez,1 Rajna Knez1,3 1Department of Pediatrics, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden; 2Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Medical Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; 3Sahl...

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Autores principales:	Kindgren E, Quiñones Perez A, Knez R
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	adhd autism spectrum disorder children hypermobility spectrum disorder ehlers-danlos syndrome Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8f5a404811f2409ab2b13fbc3bd1d273
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8f5a404811f2409ab2b13fbc3bd1d2732021-12-02T14:24:09ZPrevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/8f5a404811f2409ab2b13fbc3bd1d2732021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/prevalence-of-adhd-and-autism-spectrum-disorder-in-children-with-hyper-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Erik Kindgren,1,2 Antonia Quiñones Perez,1 Rajna Knez1,3 1Department of Pediatrics, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden; 2Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Medical Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; 3Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenCorrespondence: Erik KindgrenDepartment of Pediatrics, Skaraborg Hospital, Lövängsvägen, Skövde, 541 42, SwedenTel +46104739222Fax +46500478356Email erik@kindgren.orgIntroduction: Hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) and hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) are both characterized by generalized hypermobility, in combination with pain, affected proprioception, and pronounced fatigue. Clinical observation indicates that behavioral problems, hyperactivity, and autistic traits are overrepresented in children with those conditions. The purpose of this retrospective study was to establish the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children with HSD and hEDS treated in our clinic since 2012.Subjects and Methods: Since Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) diagnostic criteria and international classification were changed in 2017, we equate the older diagnosis EDS hypermobility type with the newer hEDS and the older hypermobility syndrome with HSD. A registry search from the computerized medical record system found 201 children (88 boys, 113 girls) aged 6– 18 years who were treated at our pediatrics department with the diagnoses HSD or EDS. All medical records (113 with HSD, 88 with EDS) were reviewed, and key symptoms such as fatigue and pain, as well as diagnosis of ADHD/ASD, were recorded.Results: All EDS cases could be classified as hEDS. Of the entire study cohort, 16% had a verified ADHD diagnosis and a further 7% were undergoing ADHD diagnostic investigation. Significantly more children with hEDS had ADHD compared to children with HSD (p=0.02). In the age group 15– 16 years, 35% of those with hEDS had ADHD and, among those aged 17– 18 years, ADHD was present in 46%. Children with coexisting ADHD showed a significantly higher proportion of associated symptoms such as fatigue, sleep-problems, and urinary tract problems. ASD had been verified in 6% of the children. Of those with ASD, 92% had sleep problems.Conclusion: This study shows a strong association between HSD or hEDS and ADHD or ASD. Therefore, children with HSD or hEDS may need to be routinely screened for neuropsychiatric symptoms.Keywords: ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, children, hypermobility spectrum disorder, Ehlers-Danlos syndromeKindgren EQuiñones Perez AKnez RDove Medical Pressarticleadhdautism spectrum disorderchildrenhypermobility spectrum disorderehlers-danlos syndromeNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 17, Pp 379-388 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adhd autism spectrum disorder children hypermobility spectrum disorder ehlers-danlos syndrome Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	adhd autism spectrum disorder children hypermobility spectrum disorder ehlers-danlos syndrome Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Kindgren E Quiñones Perez A Knez R Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
description	Erik Kindgren,1,2 Antonia Quiñones Perez,1 Rajna Knez1,3 1Department of Pediatrics, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden; 2Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Medical Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; 3Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenCorrespondence: Erik KindgrenDepartment of Pediatrics, Skaraborg Hospital, Lövängsvägen, Skövde, 541 42, SwedenTel +46104739222Fax +46500478356Email erik@kindgren.orgIntroduction: Hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) and hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) are both characterized by generalized hypermobility, in combination with pain, affected proprioception, and pronounced fatigue. Clinical observation indicates that behavioral problems, hyperactivity, and autistic traits are overrepresented in children with those conditions. The purpose of this retrospective study was to establish the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children with HSD and hEDS treated in our clinic since 2012.Subjects and Methods: Since Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) diagnostic criteria and international classification were changed in 2017, we equate the older diagnosis EDS hypermobility type with the newer hEDS and the older hypermobility syndrome with HSD. A registry search from the computerized medical record system found 201 children (88 boys, 113 girls) aged 6– 18 years who were treated at our pediatrics department with the diagnoses HSD or EDS. All medical records (113 with HSD, 88 with EDS) were reviewed, and key symptoms such as fatigue and pain, as well as diagnosis of ADHD/ASD, were recorded.Results: All EDS cases could be classified as hEDS. Of the entire study cohort, 16% had a verified ADHD diagnosis and a further 7% were undergoing ADHD diagnostic investigation. Significantly more children with hEDS had ADHD compared to children with HSD (p=0.02). In the age group 15– 16 years, 35% of those with hEDS had ADHD and, among those aged 17– 18 years, ADHD was present in 46%. Children with coexisting ADHD showed a significantly higher proportion of associated symptoms such as fatigue, sleep-problems, and urinary tract problems. ASD had been verified in 6% of the children. Of those with ASD, 92% had sleep problems.Conclusion: This study shows a strong association between HSD or hEDS and ADHD or ASD. Therefore, children with HSD or hEDS may need to be routinely screened for neuropsychiatric symptoms.Keywords: ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, children, hypermobility spectrum disorder, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
format	article
author	Kindgren E Quiñones Perez A Knez R
author_facet	Kindgren E Quiñones Perez A Knez R
author_sort	Kindgren E
title	Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
title_short	Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
title_full	Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
title_fullStr	Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
title_sort	prevalence of adhd and autism spectrum disorder in children with hypermobility spectrum disorders or hypermobile ehlers-danlos syndrome: a retrospective study
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8f5a404811f2409ab2b13fbc3bd1d273
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Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study

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