Stress and the inflammatory process: a major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes

Joel Montane, Lisa Cadavez, Anna Novials Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diab...

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Autores principales:	Montane J, Cadavez L, Novials A
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2014
Materias:	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8f6ad00ad0bd495f958f573621e7db5c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8f6ad00ad0bd495f958f573621e7db5c2021-12-02T04:40:23ZStress and the inflammatory process: a major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/8f6ad00ad0bd495f958f573621e7db5c2014-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/stress-and-the-inflammatory-process-a-major-cause-of-pancreatic-cell-d-a15702https://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007 Joel Montane, Lisa Cadavez, Anna Novials Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia in the context of insulin resistance, which precedes insulin deficiency as a result of β-cell failure. Accumulating evidence indicates that β-cell loss in T2D results as a response to the combination of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Failure of the ER’s adaptive capacity and further activation of the unfolded protein response may trigger macroautophagy (hereafter referred as autophagy) as a process of self-protection and inflammation. Many studies have shown that inflammation plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of T2D. Inflammatory mechanisms and cytokine production activated by stress via the inflammasome may further alter the normal structure of β-cells by inducing pancreatic islet cell apoptosis. Thus, the combination of oxidative and ER stress, together with autophagy insufficiency and inflammation, may contribute to β-cell death or dysfunction in T2D. Therapeutic approaches aimed at ameliorating stress and inflammation may therefore prove to be promising targets for the development of new diabetes treatment methods. Here, we discuss different mechanisms involved in stress and inflammation, and the role of antioxidants, endogenous and chemical chaperones, and autophagic pathways, which may shift the tendency from ER stress and apoptosis toward cell survival. Strategies targeting cell survival can be essential for relieving ER stress and reestablishing homeostasis, which may diminish inflammation and prevent pancreatic β-cell death associated with T2D. Keywords: endoplasmic reticulum stress, chaperones, autophagy, inflammation, apoptosis, unfolded protein responseMontane JCadavez LNovials ADove Medical PressarticleSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol 2014, Iss default, Pp 25-34 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Montane J Cadavez L Novials A Stress and the inflammatory process: a major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes
description	Joel Montane, Lisa Cadavez, Anna Novials Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia in the context of insulin resistance, which precedes insulin deficiency as a result of β-cell failure. Accumulating evidence indicates that β-cell loss in T2D results as a response to the combination of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Failure of the ER’s adaptive capacity and further activation of the unfolded protein response may trigger macroautophagy (hereafter referred as autophagy) as a process of self-protection and inflammation. Many studies have shown that inflammation plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of T2D. Inflammatory mechanisms and cytokine production activated by stress via the inflammasome may further alter the normal structure of β-cells by inducing pancreatic islet cell apoptosis. Thus, the combination of oxidative and ER stress, together with autophagy insufficiency and inflammation, may contribute to β-cell death or dysfunction in T2D. Therapeutic approaches aimed at ameliorating stress and inflammation may therefore prove to be promising targets for the development of new diabetes treatment methods. Here, we discuss different mechanisms involved in stress and inflammation, and the role of antioxidants, endogenous and chemical chaperones, and autophagic pathways, which may shift the tendency from ER stress and apoptosis toward cell survival. Strategies targeting cell survival can be essential for relieving ER stress and reestablishing homeostasis, which may diminish inflammation and prevent pancreatic β-cell death associated with T2D. Keywords: endoplasmic reticulum stress, chaperones, autophagy, inflammation, apoptosis, unfolded protein response
format	article
author	Montane J Cadavez L Novials A
author_facet	Montane J Cadavez L Novials A
author_sort	Montane J
title	Stress and the inflammatory process: a major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes
title_short	Stress and the inflammatory process: a major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes
title_full	Stress and the inflammatory process: a major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes
title_fullStr	Stress and the inflammatory process: a major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes
title_full_unstemmed	Stress and the inflammatory process: a major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes
title_sort	stress and the inflammatory process: a major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/8f6ad00ad0bd495f958f573621e7db5c
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Stress and the inflammatory process: a major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes

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