Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing.

Adolescents take more risks than adults in the real world, but laboratory experiments do not consistently demonstrate this pattern. In the current study, we examine the possibility that age differences in decision making vary as a function of the nature of the task (e.g., how information about risk...

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Autores principales:	Gail M Rosenbaum, Vinod Venkatraman, Laurence Steinberg, Jason M Chein
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8f6ea115f0394b2a9cca0799cbdb57bb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8f6ea115f0394b2a9cca0799cbdb57bb2021-12-02T20:18:53ZDo adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255102https://doaj.org/article/8f6ea115f0394b2a9cca0799cbdb57bb2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255102https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Adolescents take more risks than adults in the real world, but laboratory experiments do not consistently demonstrate this pattern. In the current study, we examine the possibility that age differences in decision making vary as a function of the nature of the task (e.g., how information about risk is learned) and contextual features of choices (e.g., the relative favorability of choice outcomes), due to age differences in psychological constructs and physiological processes related to choice (e.g., weighting of rare probabilities, sensitivity to expected value, sampling, pupil dilation). Adolescents and adults made the same 24 choices between risky and safe options twice: once based on descriptions of each option, and once based on experience gained from sampling the options repeatedly. We systematically varied contextual features of options, facilitating a fine-grained analysis of age differences in response to these features. Eye-tracking and experience-sampling measures allowed tests of age differences in predecisional processes. Results in adolescent and adult participants were similar in several respects, including mean risk-taking rates and eye-gaze patterns. However, adolescents' and adults' choice behavior and process measures varied as a function of decision context. Surprisingly, age differences were most pronounced in description, with only marginal differences in experience. Results suggest that probability weighting, expected-value sensitivity, experience sampling and pupil dilation patterns may change with age. Overall, results are consistent with the notion that adolescents are more prone than adults to take risks when faced with unlikely but costly negative outcomes, and broadly point to complex interactions between multiple psychological constructs that develop across adolescence.Gail M RosenbaumVinod VenkatramanLaurence SteinbergJason M CheinPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0255102 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gail M Rosenbaum Vinod Venkatraman Laurence Steinberg Jason M Chein Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing.
description	Adolescents take more risks than adults in the real world, but laboratory experiments do not consistently demonstrate this pattern. In the current study, we examine the possibility that age differences in decision making vary as a function of the nature of the task (e.g., how information about risk is learned) and contextual features of choices (e.g., the relative favorability of choice outcomes), due to age differences in psychological constructs and physiological processes related to choice (e.g., weighting of rare probabilities, sensitivity to expected value, sampling, pupil dilation). Adolescents and adults made the same 24 choices between risky and safe options twice: once based on descriptions of each option, and once based on experience gained from sampling the options repeatedly. We systematically varied contextual features of options, facilitating a fine-grained analysis of age differences in response to these features. Eye-tracking and experience-sampling measures allowed tests of age differences in predecisional processes. Results in adolescent and adult participants were similar in several respects, including mean risk-taking rates and eye-gaze patterns. However, adolescents' and adults' choice behavior and process measures varied as a function of decision context. Surprisingly, age differences were most pronounced in description, with only marginal differences in experience. Results suggest that probability weighting, expected-value sensitivity, experience sampling and pupil dilation patterns may change with age. Overall, results are consistent with the notion that adolescents are more prone than adults to take risks when faced with unlikely but costly negative outcomes, and broadly point to complex interactions between multiple psychological constructs that develop across adolescence.
format	article
author	Gail M Rosenbaum Vinod Venkatraman Laurence Steinberg Jason M Chein
author_facet	Gail M Rosenbaum Vinod Venkatraman Laurence Steinberg Jason M Chein
author_sort	Gail M Rosenbaum
title	Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing.
title_short	Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing.
title_full	Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing.
title_fullStr	Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing.
title_full_unstemmed	Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing.
title_sort	do adolescents always take more risks than adults? a within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8f6ea115f0394b2a9cca0799cbdb57bb
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Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing.

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