Highly Stable Potentiometric (Bio)Sensor for Urea and Urease Activity Determination

There is growing interest for bioanalytical tools that might be designed for a specific user, primarily for research purposes. In this perspective, a new, highly stable potentiometric sensor based on glassy carbon/polyazulene/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-selective membrane was...

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Autores principales:	Marcin Urbanowicz, Kamila Sadowska, Agnieszka Paziewska-Nowak, Anna Sołdatowska, Dorota G. Pijanowska
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	potentiometric biosensor urease activity determination urea determination polyazulene electroconducting polymers intermediate transducing layer Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8f787cb18e884f2b9efe38700732a502
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:8f787cb18e884f2b9efe38700732a502
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8f787cb18e884f2b9efe38700732a5022021-11-25T18:20:13ZHighly Stable Potentiometric (Bio)Sensor for Urea and Urease Activity Determination10.3390/membranes111108982077-0375https://doaj.org/article/8f787cb18e884f2b9efe38700732a5022021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/11/898https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0375There is growing interest for bioanalytical tools that might be designed for a specific user, primarily for research purposes. In this perspective, a new, highly stable potentiometric sensor based on glassy carbon/polyazulene/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-selective membrane was developed and utilized for urease activity determination. Urease–urea interaction studies were carried out and the Michaelis–Menten constant was established for this enzymatic reaction. Biofunctionalization of the ammonium ion-selective sensor with urease lead to urea biosensor with remarkably good potential stability (drift coefficient ~0.9 mV/h) and short response time (t<sub>95%</sub> = 36 s). The prepared biosensor showed the Nernstian response (S = 52.4 ± 0.7 mV/dec) in the urea concentration range from 0.01 to 20 mM, stable for the experimental time of 60 days. In addition, some insights into electrical properties of the ion-to-electron transducing layer resulting from impedance spectroscopy measurements are presented. Based on the RCQ equivalent circuits comparison, it can be drawn that the polyazulene (PAz) layer shows the least capacitive behavior, which might result in good time stability of the sensor in respect to response as well as potential E<sup>0</sup>. Both the polyazulene-based solid-contact ion selective electrodes and urea biosensors were successfully used in trial studies for determination of ammonium ion and urea in human saliva samples. The accuracy of ammonium ion and urea levels determination by potentiometric method was confirmed by two reference spectrophotometric methods.Marcin UrbanowiczKamila SadowskaAgnieszka Paziewska-NowakAnna SołdatowskaDorota G. PijanowskaMDPI AGarticlepotentiometric biosensorurease activity determinationurea determinationpolyazuleneelectroconducting polymersintermediate transducing layerChemical technologyTP1-1185Chemical engineeringTP155-156ENMembranes, Vol 11, Iss 898, p 898 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	potentiometric biosensor urease activity determination urea determination polyazulene electroconducting polymers intermediate transducing layer Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156
spellingShingle	potentiometric biosensor urease activity determination urea determination polyazulene electroconducting polymers intermediate transducing layer Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156 Marcin Urbanowicz Kamila Sadowska Agnieszka Paziewska-Nowak Anna Sołdatowska Dorota G. Pijanowska Highly Stable Potentiometric (Bio)Sensor for Urea and Urease Activity Determination
description	There is growing interest for bioanalytical tools that might be designed for a specific user, primarily for research purposes. In this perspective, a new, highly stable potentiometric sensor based on glassy carbon/polyazulene/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-selective membrane was developed and utilized for urease activity determination. Urease–urea interaction studies were carried out and the Michaelis–Menten constant was established for this enzymatic reaction. Biofunctionalization of the ammonium ion-selective sensor with urease lead to urea biosensor with remarkably good potential stability (drift coefficient ~0.9 mV/h) and short response time (t<sub>95%</sub> = 36 s). The prepared biosensor showed the Nernstian response (S = 52.4 ± 0.7 mV/dec) in the urea concentration range from 0.01 to 20 mM, stable for the experimental time of 60 days. In addition, some insights into electrical properties of the ion-to-electron transducing layer resulting from impedance spectroscopy measurements are presented. Based on the RCQ equivalent circuits comparison, it can be drawn that the polyazulene (PAz) layer shows the least capacitive behavior, which might result in good time stability of the sensor in respect to response as well as potential E<sup>0</sup>. Both the polyazulene-based solid-contact ion selective electrodes and urea biosensors were successfully used in trial studies for determination of ammonium ion and urea in human saliva samples. The accuracy of ammonium ion and urea levels determination by potentiometric method was confirmed by two reference spectrophotometric methods.
format	article
author	Marcin Urbanowicz Kamila Sadowska Agnieszka Paziewska-Nowak Anna Sołdatowska Dorota G. Pijanowska
author_facet	Marcin Urbanowicz Kamila Sadowska Agnieszka Paziewska-Nowak Anna Sołdatowska Dorota G. Pijanowska
author_sort	Marcin Urbanowicz
title	Highly Stable Potentiometric (Bio)Sensor for Urea and Urease Activity Determination
title_short	Highly Stable Potentiometric (Bio)Sensor for Urea and Urease Activity Determination
title_full	Highly Stable Potentiometric (Bio)Sensor for Urea and Urease Activity Determination
title_fullStr	Highly Stable Potentiometric (Bio)Sensor for Urea and Urease Activity Determination
title_full_unstemmed	Highly Stable Potentiometric (Bio)Sensor for Urea and Urease Activity Determination
title_sort	highly stable potentiometric (bio)sensor for urea and urease activity determination
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8f787cb18e884f2b9efe38700732a502
work_keys_str_mv	AT marcinurbanowicz highlystablepotentiometricbiosensorforureaandureaseactivitydetermination AT kamilasadowska highlystablepotentiometricbiosensorforureaandureaseactivitydetermination AT agnieszkapaziewskanowak highlystablepotentiometricbiosensorforureaandureaseactivitydetermination AT annasołdatowska highlystablepotentiometricbiosensorforureaandureaseactivitydetermination AT dorotagpijanowska highlystablepotentiometricbiosensorforureaandureaseactivitydetermination
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Highly Stable Potentiometric (Bio)Sensor for Urea and Urease Activity Determination

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