Edge Cooling of a Fuel Cell during Aerial Missions by Ambient Air

During aerial missions of fuel-cell (FC) powered drones, the option of FC edge cooling may improve FC performance and durability. Here we describe an edge cooling approach for fixed-wing FC-powered drones by removing FC heat using the ambient air during flight. A set of experiments in a wind tunnel...

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Autores principales:	Lev Zakhvatkin, Alex Schechter, Eilam Buri, Idit Avrahami
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	fuel cell edge-cooling aerial missions CFD Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8fb932cf630e4a68a3c01547d8fcaca7
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:8fb932cf630e4a68a3c01547d8fcaca7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8fb932cf630e4a68a3c01547d8fcaca72021-11-25T18:23:57ZEdge Cooling of a Fuel Cell during Aerial Missions by Ambient Air10.3390/mi121114322072-666Xhttps://doaj.org/article/8fb932cf630e4a68a3c01547d8fcaca72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/11/1432https://doaj.org/toc/2072-666XDuring aerial missions of fuel-cell (FC) powered drones, the option of FC edge cooling may improve FC performance and durability. Here we describe an edge cooling approach for fixed-wing FC-powered drones by removing FC heat using the ambient air during flight. A set of experiments in a wind tunnel and numerical simulations were performed to examine the efficiency of FC edge cooling at various flight altitudes and cruise speeds. The experiments were used to validate the numerical model and prove the feasibility of the proposed method. The first simulation duplicated the geometry of the experimental setup and boundary conditions. The calculated temperatures of the stack were in good agreement with those of the experiments (within ±2 °C error). After validation, numerical models of a drone’s fuselage in ambient air with different radiator locations and at different flight speeds (10–30 m/s) and altitudes (up to 5 km) were examined. It was concluded that onboard FC edge cooling by ambient air may be applicable for velocities higher than 10 m/s. Despite the low pressure, density, and Cp of air at high altitudes, heat removal is significantly increased with altitude at all power and velocity conditions due to lower air temperature.Lev ZakhvatkinAlex SchechterEilam BuriIdit AvrahamiMDPI AGarticlefuel celledge-coolingaerial missionsCFDMechanical engineering and machineryTJ1-1570ENMicromachines, Vol 12, Iss 1432, p 1432 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fuel cell edge-cooling aerial missions CFD Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570
spellingShingle	fuel cell edge-cooling aerial missions CFD Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570 Lev Zakhvatkin Alex Schechter Eilam Buri Idit Avrahami Edge Cooling of a Fuel Cell during Aerial Missions by Ambient Air
description	During aerial missions of fuel-cell (FC) powered drones, the option of FC edge cooling may improve FC performance and durability. Here we describe an edge cooling approach for fixed-wing FC-powered drones by removing FC heat using the ambient air during flight. A set of experiments in a wind tunnel and numerical simulations were performed to examine the efficiency of FC edge cooling at various flight altitudes and cruise speeds. The experiments were used to validate the numerical model and prove the feasibility of the proposed method. The first simulation duplicated the geometry of the experimental setup and boundary conditions. The calculated temperatures of the stack were in good agreement with those of the experiments (within ±2 °C error). After validation, numerical models of a drone’s fuselage in ambient air with different radiator locations and at different flight speeds (10–30 m/s) and altitudes (up to 5 km) were examined. It was concluded that onboard FC edge cooling by ambient air may be applicable for velocities higher than 10 m/s. Despite the low pressure, density, and Cp of air at high altitudes, heat removal is significantly increased with altitude at all power and velocity conditions due to lower air temperature.
format	article
author	Lev Zakhvatkin Alex Schechter Eilam Buri Idit Avrahami
author_facet	Lev Zakhvatkin Alex Schechter Eilam Buri Idit Avrahami
author_sort	Lev Zakhvatkin
title	Edge Cooling of a Fuel Cell during Aerial Missions by Ambient Air
title_short	Edge Cooling of a Fuel Cell during Aerial Missions by Ambient Air
title_full	Edge Cooling of a Fuel Cell during Aerial Missions by Ambient Air
title_fullStr	Edge Cooling of a Fuel Cell during Aerial Missions by Ambient Air
title_full_unstemmed	Edge Cooling of a Fuel Cell during Aerial Missions by Ambient Air
title_sort	edge cooling of a fuel cell during aerial missions by ambient air
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8fb932cf630e4a68a3c01547d8fcaca7
work_keys_str_mv	AT levzakhvatkin edgecoolingofafuelcellduringaerialmissionsbyambientair AT alexschechter edgecoolingofafuelcellduringaerialmissionsbyambientair AT eilamburi edgecoolingofafuelcellduringaerialmissionsbyambientair AT iditavrahami edgecoolingofafuelcellduringaerialmissionsbyambientair
_version_	1718411211533451264

Edge Cooling of a Fuel Cell during Aerial Missions by Ambient Air

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