The cost of male aggression and polygyny in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).

In polygynous mating systems, males often increase their fecundity via aggressive defense of mates and/or resources necessary for successful mating. Here we show that both male and female reproductive behavior during the breeding season (June-August) affect female fecundity, a vital rate that is an...

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Autores principales:	Leah R Gerber, Manuela González-Suárez, Claudia J Hernández-Camacho, Julie K Young, John L Sabo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8ff297f42a364e01b6efc5e1d12cdd51
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8ff297f42a364e01b6efc5e1d12cdd512021-11-18T06:35:58ZThe cost of male aggression and polygyny in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0012230https://doaj.org/article/8ff297f42a364e01b6efc5e1d12cdd512010-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20808931/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203In polygynous mating systems, males often increase their fecundity via aggressive defense of mates and/or resources necessary for successful mating. Here we show that both male and female reproductive behavior during the breeding season (June-August) affect female fecundity, a vital rate that is an important determinant of population growth rate and viability. By using 4 years of data on behavior and demography of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), we found that male behavior and spatial dynamics--aggression and territory size--are significantly related to female fecundity. Higher rates of male aggression and larger territory sizes were associated with lower estimates of female fecundity within the same year. Female aggression was significantly and positively related to fecundity both within the same year as the behavior was measured and in the following year. These results indicate that while male aggression and defense of territories may increase male fecundity, such interactions may cause a reduction in the overall population growth rate by lowering female fecundity. Females may attempt to offset male-related reductions in female fecundity by increasing their own aggression-perhaps to defend pups from incidental injury or mortality. Thus in polygynous mating systems, male aggression may increase male fitness at the cost of female fitness and overall population viability.Leah R GerberManuela González-SuárezClaudia J Hernández-CamachoJulie K YoungJohn L SaboPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 8, p e12230 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Leah R Gerber Manuela González-Suárez Claudia J Hernández-Camacho Julie K Young John L Sabo The cost of male aggression and polygyny in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).
description	In polygynous mating systems, males often increase their fecundity via aggressive defense of mates and/or resources necessary for successful mating. Here we show that both male and female reproductive behavior during the breeding season (June-August) affect female fecundity, a vital rate that is an important determinant of population growth rate and viability. By using 4 years of data on behavior and demography of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), we found that male behavior and spatial dynamics--aggression and territory size--are significantly related to female fecundity. Higher rates of male aggression and larger territory sizes were associated with lower estimates of female fecundity within the same year. Female aggression was significantly and positively related to fecundity both within the same year as the behavior was measured and in the following year. These results indicate that while male aggression and defense of territories may increase male fecundity, such interactions may cause a reduction in the overall population growth rate by lowering female fecundity. Females may attempt to offset male-related reductions in female fecundity by increasing their own aggression-perhaps to defend pups from incidental injury or mortality. Thus in polygynous mating systems, male aggression may increase male fitness at the cost of female fitness and overall population viability.
format	article
author	Leah R Gerber Manuela González-Suárez Claudia J Hernández-Camacho Julie K Young John L Sabo
author_facet	Leah R Gerber Manuela González-Suárez Claudia J Hernández-Camacho Julie K Young John L Sabo
author_sort	Leah R Gerber
title	The cost of male aggression and polygyny in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).
title_short	The cost of male aggression and polygyny in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).
title_full	The cost of male aggression and polygyny in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).
title_fullStr	The cost of male aggression and polygyny in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).
title_full_unstemmed	The cost of male aggression and polygyny in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).
title_sort	cost of male aggression and polygyny in california sea lions (zalophus californianus).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/8ff297f42a364e01b6efc5e1d12cdd51
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The cost of male aggression and polygyny in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).

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