Injection Treatment for Tunneling Excavation in Sandy Soils with High Fines Content

Instability and high permeability are two of the problems facing tunnelling excavations in soils with high fines content. Among the different techniques used to improve these soils, the injection of cement grouts stands out. In this work, a grouting treatment is designed to ensure the stability of t...

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Autores principales:	Johnatan González-García, Celestino González-Nicieza, Martina-Inmaculada Álvarez-Fernández, María-Belén Prendes-Gero
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	tunnelling excavation injection treatment cement grouting ground stability waterproofing Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9019367abc7c41be986c43ea7c01eb7b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9019367abc7c41be986c43ea7c01eb7b2021-11-11T15:45:39ZInjection Treatment for Tunneling Excavation in Sandy Soils with High Fines Content10.3390/en142169301996-1073https://doaj.org/article/9019367abc7c41be986c43ea7c01eb7b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/6930https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073Instability and high permeability are two of the problems facing tunnelling excavations in soils with high fines content. Among the different techniques used to improve these soils, the injection of cement grouts stands out. In this work, a grouting treatment is designed to ensure the stability of the ground during the construction of two tunnels linking two municipalities in the north of Spain in Biscay, and to reduce the inflow of water from the aquifer located in the vicinity of these tunnels. First of all, the rock mass is analysed and the material to be injected is selected on the basis of the authors’ experience as well as setting time and compressive strength. Subsequently, with a test device designed by the DinRock research group of the University of Oviedo, two types of laboratory tests are carried out in order to analyse the effect of fines migration and washing on the water flows and the effect of re-injections of grouts with different densities on the permeability value. The results show that, in sandy materials, obtaining high degrees of waterproofing together with large stable zones can only be achieved by a combination of treatments and stages with different materials and densities. In addition, maximum values for both injection pressure and flow rate must be established depending on the type of grout and the permeability of the soil. Once the problem has been analysed, the injection treatment is designed and executed. The treatment consists of one pre-injection in four stages with 30 boreholes drilled in the top heading, 19–20 boreholes drilled in the bench, and one post-injection with boreholes drilled around the perimeter of the tunnel in those areas where the pre-injection does not achieve the desired degree of waterproofing.Johnatan González-GarcíaCelestino González-NiciezaMartina-Inmaculada Álvarez-FernándezMaría-Belén Prendes-GeroMDPI AGarticletunnelling excavationinjection treatmentcement groutingground stabilitywaterproofingTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 6930, p 6930 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	tunnelling excavation injection treatment cement grouting ground stability waterproofing Technology T
spellingShingle	tunnelling excavation injection treatment cement grouting ground stability waterproofing Technology T Johnatan González-García Celestino González-Nicieza Martina-Inmaculada Álvarez-Fernández María-Belén Prendes-Gero Injection Treatment for Tunneling Excavation in Sandy Soils with High Fines Content
description	Instability and high permeability are two of the problems facing tunnelling excavations in soils with high fines content. Among the different techniques used to improve these soils, the injection of cement grouts stands out. In this work, a grouting treatment is designed to ensure the stability of the ground during the construction of two tunnels linking two municipalities in the north of Spain in Biscay, and to reduce the inflow of water from the aquifer located in the vicinity of these tunnels. First of all, the rock mass is analysed and the material to be injected is selected on the basis of the authors’ experience as well as setting time and compressive strength. Subsequently, with a test device designed by the DinRock research group of the University of Oviedo, two types of laboratory tests are carried out in order to analyse the effect of fines migration and washing on the water flows and the effect of re-injections of grouts with different densities on the permeability value. The results show that, in sandy materials, obtaining high degrees of waterproofing together with large stable zones can only be achieved by a combination of treatments and stages with different materials and densities. In addition, maximum values for both injection pressure and flow rate must be established depending on the type of grout and the permeability of the soil. Once the problem has been analysed, the injection treatment is designed and executed. The treatment consists of one pre-injection in four stages with 30 boreholes drilled in the top heading, 19–20 boreholes drilled in the bench, and one post-injection with boreholes drilled around the perimeter of the tunnel in those areas where the pre-injection does not achieve the desired degree of waterproofing.
format	article
author	Johnatan González-García Celestino González-Nicieza Martina-Inmaculada Álvarez-Fernández María-Belén Prendes-Gero
author_facet	Johnatan González-García Celestino González-Nicieza Martina-Inmaculada Álvarez-Fernández María-Belén Prendes-Gero
author_sort	Johnatan González-García
title	Injection Treatment for Tunneling Excavation in Sandy Soils with High Fines Content
title_short	Injection Treatment for Tunneling Excavation in Sandy Soils with High Fines Content
title_full	Injection Treatment for Tunneling Excavation in Sandy Soils with High Fines Content
title_fullStr	Injection Treatment for Tunneling Excavation in Sandy Soils with High Fines Content
title_full_unstemmed	Injection Treatment for Tunneling Excavation in Sandy Soils with High Fines Content
title_sort	injection treatment for tunneling excavation in sandy soils with high fines content
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9019367abc7c41be986c43ea7c01eb7b
work_keys_str_mv	AT johnatangonzalezgarcia injectiontreatmentfortunnelingexcavationinsandysoilswithhighfinescontent AT celestinogonzaleznicieza injectiontreatmentfortunnelingexcavationinsandysoilswithhighfinescontent AT martinainmaculadaalvarezfernandez injectiontreatmentfortunnelingexcavationinsandysoilswithhighfinescontent AT mariabelenprendesgero injectiontreatmentfortunnelingexcavationinsandysoilswithhighfinescontent
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Injection Treatment for Tunneling Excavation in Sandy Soils with High Fines Content

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