Expression patterns of genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation during apple fruit development.

Both sorbitol and sucrose are imported into apple fruit from leaves. The metabolism of sorbitol and sucrose fuels fruit growth and development, and accumulation of sugars in fruit is central to the edible quality of apple. However, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling sugar metabolism and...

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Autores principales:	Mingjun Li, Fengjuan Feng, Lailiang Cheng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/901df49ab0544faebfab013cdb9858d5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:901df49ab0544faebfab013cdb9858d52021-11-18T07:25:48ZExpression patterns of genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation during apple fruit development.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0033055https://doaj.org/article/901df49ab0544faebfab013cdb9858d52012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22412983/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Both sorbitol and sucrose are imported into apple fruit from leaves. The metabolism of sorbitol and sucrose fuels fruit growth and development, and accumulation of sugars in fruit is central to the edible quality of apple. However, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple remains quite limited. We identified members of various gene families encoding key enzymes or transporters involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple fruit using homology searches and comparison of their expression patterns in different tissues, and analyzed the relationship of their transcripts with enzyme activities and sugar accumulation during fruit development. At the early stage of fruit development, the transcript levels of sorbitol dehydrogenase, cell wall invertase, neutral invertase, sucrose synthase, fructokinase and hexokinase are high, and the resulting high enzyme activities are responsible for the rapid utilization of the imported sorbitol and sucrose for fruit growth, with low levels of sugar accumulation. As the fruit continues to grow due to cell expansion, the transcript levels and activities of these enzymes are down-regulated, with concomitant accumulation of fructose and elevated transcript levels of tonoplast monosaccharide transporters (TMTs), MdTMT1 and MdTMT2; the excess carbon is converted into starch. At the late stage of fruit development, sucrose accumulation is enhanced, consistent with the elevated expression of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), MdSPS5 and MdSPS6, and an increase in its total activity. Our data indicate that sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple fruit is developmentally regulated. This represents a comprehensive analysis of the genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple, which will serve as a platform for further studies on the functions of these genes and subsequent manipulation of sugar metabolism and fruit quality traits related to carbohydrates.Mingjun LiFengjuan FengLailiang ChengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e33055 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mingjun Li Fengjuan Feng Lailiang Cheng Expression patterns of genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation during apple fruit development.
description	Both sorbitol and sucrose are imported into apple fruit from leaves. The metabolism of sorbitol and sucrose fuels fruit growth and development, and accumulation of sugars in fruit is central to the edible quality of apple. However, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple remains quite limited. We identified members of various gene families encoding key enzymes or transporters involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple fruit using homology searches and comparison of their expression patterns in different tissues, and analyzed the relationship of their transcripts with enzyme activities and sugar accumulation during fruit development. At the early stage of fruit development, the transcript levels of sorbitol dehydrogenase, cell wall invertase, neutral invertase, sucrose synthase, fructokinase and hexokinase are high, and the resulting high enzyme activities are responsible for the rapid utilization of the imported sorbitol and sucrose for fruit growth, with low levels of sugar accumulation. As the fruit continues to grow due to cell expansion, the transcript levels and activities of these enzymes are down-regulated, with concomitant accumulation of fructose and elevated transcript levels of tonoplast monosaccharide transporters (TMTs), MdTMT1 and MdTMT2; the excess carbon is converted into starch. At the late stage of fruit development, sucrose accumulation is enhanced, consistent with the elevated expression of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), MdSPS5 and MdSPS6, and an increase in its total activity. Our data indicate that sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple fruit is developmentally regulated. This represents a comprehensive analysis of the genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple, which will serve as a platform for further studies on the functions of these genes and subsequent manipulation of sugar metabolism and fruit quality traits related to carbohydrates.
format	article
author	Mingjun Li Fengjuan Feng Lailiang Cheng
author_facet	Mingjun Li Fengjuan Feng Lailiang Cheng
author_sort	Mingjun Li
title	Expression patterns of genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation during apple fruit development.
title_short	Expression patterns of genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation during apple fruit development.
title_full	Expression patterns of genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation during apple fruit development.
title_fullStr	Expression patterns of genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation during apple fruit development.
title_full_unstemmed	Expression patterns of genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation during apple fruit development.
title_sort	expression patterns of genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation during apple fruit development.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/901df49ab0544faebfab013cdb9858d5
work_keys_str_mv	AT mingjunli expressionpatternsofgenesinvolvedinsugarmetabolismandaccumulationduringapplefruitdevelopment AT fengjuanfeng expressionpatternsofgenesinvolvedinsugarmetabolismandaccumulationduringapplefruitdevelopment AT lailiangcheng expressionpatternsofgenesinvolvedinsugarmetabolismandaccumulationduringapplefruitdevelopment
_version_	1718423487955075072

Expression patterns of genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation during apple fruit development.

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