GS&E journal: Investigations on the execution and evaluation of the Pummel test for polyvinyl butyral based interlayers

Laminated safety glass (LSG) is increasingly used as structural element in buildings. Of central importance for safety are the adhesion and the residual load-bearing capacity in the post fractured state. In literature a large number of tests to assess adhesion is mentioned. These include, e.g. peel...

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Autores principales:	Miriam Schuster, Jens Schneider, Tuong An Nguyen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Challenging Glass Conference 2020
Materias:	Laminated safety glass Adhesion Pummeltest Automatization Digital image evaluation Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass TP785-869
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/906162e9d3234b0d9e00239350c910bb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:906162e9d3234b0d9e00239350c910bb2021-12-05T05:13:00ZGS&E journal: Investigations on the execution and evaluation of the Pummel test for polyvinyl butyral based interlayers2589-8019https://doaj.org/article/906162e9d3234b0d9e00239350c910bb2020-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://proceedings.challengingglass.com/index.php/cgc/article/view/316https://doaj.org/toc/2589-8019 Laminated safety glass (LSG) is increasingly used as structural element in buildings. Of central importance for safety are the adhesion and the residual load-bearing capacity in the post fractured state. In literature a large number of tests to assess adhesion is mentioned. These include, e.g. peel tests, through-cracked-tensile/-bending tests, VW-pull tests and compressive shear tests. However, especially in industry, the Pummel test is widespread for determining the quality of adhesion in LSG with polyvinyl butyral based interlayers. This test method proves to be simple and quick to carry out: The laminate is stored at − 18 °C and then completely destroyed at room temperature with hammer blows. The adhesion level (0–10) is determined by visually comparing the adhering glass fragments with reference pictures or with the help of diagrams and tables which indicate the Pummel value as a function of the free film surface. Pummel value 0 is to be interpreted as no adhesion and Pummel value 10 as very high adhesion. Due to the lack of standardization, the execution and evaluation is very much dependent on the test institution and executive person. This paper shows different Pummel classifications that can currently be found on the market. Subsequently, approaches to the automatization and standardization of the execution and especially the evaluation of the Pummel test are shown. Three image evaluation methods in Matlab are presented, discussed and compared: (1) analysis of binary images, (2) statistical evaluation of the greyscale images and (3) texture analysis using co-occurrence matrices. Miriam SchusterJens SchneiderTuong An NguyenChallenging Glass ConferencearticleLaminated safety glassAdhesionPummeltestAutomatizationDigital image evaluationClay industries. Ceramics. GlassTP785-869ENChallenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol 7, Iss 1 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Laminated safety glass Adhesion Pummeltest Automatization Digital image evaluation Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass TP785-869
spellingShingle	Laminated safety glass Adhesion Pummeltest Automatization Digital image evaluation Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass TP785-869 Miriam Schuster Jens Schneider Tuong An Nguyen GS&E journal: Investigations on the execution and evaluation of the Pummel test for polyvinyl butyral based interlayers
description	Laminated safety glass (LSG) is increasingly used as structural element in buildings. Of central importance for safety are the adhesion and the residual load-bearing capacity in the post fractured state. In literature a large number of tests to assess adhesion is mentioned. These include, e.g. peel tests, through-cracked-tensile/-bending tests, VW-pull tests and compressive shear tests. However, especially in industry, the Pummel test is widespread for determining the quality of adhesion in LSG with polyvinyl butyral based interlayers. This test method proves to be simple and quick to carry out: The laminate is stored at − 18 °C and then completely destroyed at room temperature with hammer blows. The adhesion level (0–10) is determined by visually comparing the adhering glass fragments with reference pictures or with the help of diagrams and tables which indicate the Pummel value as a function of the free film surface. Pummel value 0 is to be interpreted as no adhesion and Pummel value 10 as very high adhesion. Due to the lack of standardization, the execution and evaluation is very much dependent on the test institution and executive person. This paper shows different Pummel classifications that can currently be found on the market. Subsequently, approaches to the automatization and standardization of the execution and especially the evaluation of the Pummel test are shown. Three image evaluation methods in Matlab are presented, discussed and compared: (1) analysis of binary images, (2) statistical evaluation of the greyscale images and (3) texture analysis using co-occurrence matrices.
format	article
author	Miriam Schuster Jens Schneider Tuong An Nguyen
author_facet	Miriam Schuster Jens Schneider Tuong An Nguyen
author_sort	Miriam Schuster
title	GS&E journal: Investigations on the execution and evaluation of the Pummel test for polyvinyl butyral based interlayers
title_short	GS&E journal: Investigations on the execution and evaluation of the Pummel test for polyvinyl butyral based interlayers
title_full	GS&E journal: Investigations on the execution and evaluation of the Pummel test for polyvinyl butyral based interlayers
title_fullStr	GS&E journal: Investigations on the execution and evaluation of the Pummel test for polyvinyl butyral based interlayers
title_full_unstemmed	GS&E journal: Investigations on the execution and evaluation of the Pummel test for polyvinyl butyral based interlayers
title_sort	gs&e journal: investigations on the execution and evaluation of the pummel test for polyvinyl butyral based interlayers
publisher	Challenging Glass Conference
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/906162e9d3234b0d9e00239350c910bb
work_keys_str_mv	AT miriamschuster gsejournalinvestigationsontheexecutionandevaluationofthepummeltestforpolyvinylbutyralbasedinterlayers AT jensschneider gsejournalinvestigationsontheexecutionandevaluationofthepummeltestforpolyvinylbutyralbasedinterlayers AT tuongannguyen gsejournalinvestigationsontheexecutionandevaluationofthepummeltestforpolyvinylbutyralbasedinterlayers
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GS&E journal: Investigations on the execution and evaluation of the Pummel test for polyvinyl butyral based interlayers

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