Evidence of stereotyped contact call use in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) mother-calf communication.

Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are gregarious toothed whales that strictly reside in the high Arctic. They produce a broad range of signal types; however, studies of narwhal vocalizations have been mostly descriptive of the sounds available in the species' overall repertoire. Little is known rega...

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Autores principales:	Audra E Ames, Susanna B Blackwell, Outi M Tervo, Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/90698a9650e5410382be2d79b560768e
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:90698a9650e5410382be2d79b560768e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:90698a9650e5410382be2d79b560768e2021-12-02T20:14:53ZEvidence of stereotyped contact call use in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) mother-calf communication.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254393https://doaj.org/article/90698a9650e5410382be2d79b560768e2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254393https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are gregarious toothed whales that strictly reside in the high Arctic. They produce a broad range of signal types; however, studies of narwhal vocalizations have been mostly descriptive of the sounds available in the species' overall repertoire. Little is known regarding the functions of highly stereotyped mixed calls (i.e., biphonations with both sound elements produced simultaneously), although preliminary evidence has suggested that such vocalizations are individually distinctive and function as contact calls. Here we provide evidence that supports this notion in narwhal mother-calf communication. A female narwhal was tagged as part of larger studies on the life history and acoustic behavior of narwhals. At the time of tagging, it became apparent that the female had a calf, which remained close by during the tagging event. We found that the narwhal mother produced a distinct, highly stereotyped mixed call when separated from her calf and immediately after release from capture, which we interpret as preliminary evidence for contact call use between the mother and her calf. The mother's mixed call production occurred continually over the 4.2 day recording period in addition to a second prominent but different stereotyped mixed call which we believe belonged to the narwhal calf. Thus, narwhal mothers produce highly stereotyped contact calls when separated from their calves, and it appears that narwhal calves similarly produce distinct, stereotyped mixed calls which we hypothesize also contribute to maintaining mother-calf contact. We compared this behavior to the acoustic behavior of two other adult females without calves, but also each with a unique, stereotyped call type. While we provide additional support for individual distinctiveness across narwhal contact calls, more research is necessary to determine whether these calls are vocal signatures which broadcast identity.Audra E AmesSusanna B BlackwellOuti M TervoMads Peter Heide-JørgensenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0254393 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Audra E Ames Susanna B Blackwell Outi M Tervo Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen Evidence of stereotyped contact call use in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) mother-calf communication.
description	Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are gregarious toothed whales that strictly reside in the high Arctic. They produce a broad range of signal types; however, studies of narwhal vocalizations have been mostly descriptive of the sounds available in the species' overall repertoire. Little is known regarding the functions of highly stereotyped mixed calls (i.e., biphonations with both sound elements produced simultaneously), although preliminary evidence has suggested that such vocalizations are individually distinctive and function as contact calls. Here we provide evidence that supports this notion in narwhal mother-calf communication. A female narwhal was tagged as part of larger studies on the life history and acoustic behavior of narwhals. At the time of tagging, it became apparent that the female had a calf, which remained close by during the tagging event. We found that the narwhal mother produced a distinct, highly stereotyped mixed call when separated from her calf and immediately after release from capture, which we interpret as preliminary evidence for contact call use between the mother and her calf. The mother's mixed call production occurred continually over the 4.2 day recording period in addition to a second prominent but different stereotyped mixed call which we believe belonged to the narwhal calf. Thus, narwhal mothers produce highly stereotyped contact calls when separated from their calves, and it appears that narwhal calves similarly produce distinct, stereotyped mixed calls which we hypothesize also contribute to maintaining mother-calf contact. We compared this behavior to the acoustic behavior of two other adult females without calves, but also each with a unique, stereotyped call type. While we provide additional support for individual distinctiveness across narwhal contact calls, more research is necessary to determine whether these calls are vocal signatures which broadcast identity.
format	article
author	Audra E Ames Susanna B Blackwell Outi M Tervo Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen
author_facet	Audra E Ames Susanna B Blackwell Outi M Tervo Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen
author_sort	Audra E Ames
title	Evidence of stereotyped contact call use in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) mother-calf communication.
title_short	Evidence of stereotyped contact call use in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) mother-calf communication.
title_full	Evidence of stereotyped contact call use in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) mother-calf communication.
title_fullStr	Evidence of stereotyped contact call use in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) mother-calf communication.
title_full_unstemmed	Evidence of stereotyped contact call use in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) mother-calf communication.
title_sort	evidence of stereotyped contact call use in narwhal (monodon monoceros) mother-calf communication.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/90698a9650e5410382be2d79b560768e
work_keys_str_mv	AT audraeames evidenceofstereotypedcontactcalluseinnarwhalmonodonmonocerosmothercalfcommunication AT susannabblackwell evidenceofstereotypedcontactcalluseinnarwhalmonodonmonocerosmothercalfcommunication AT outimtervo evidenceofstereotypedcontactcalluseinnarwhalmonodonmonocerosmothercalfcommunication AT madspeterheidejørgensen evidenceofstereotypedcontactcalluseinnarwhalmonodonmonocerosmothercalfcommunication
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Evidence of stereotyped contact call use in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) mother-calf communication.

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