Microplastics in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Occurrence and Removal of Microfibres

Microplastics (MPs), and specifically microfibres (MPFs), are ubiquitous in water bodies, including wastewater and drinking water. In this work, a thorough literature review on the occurrence and removal of MPs, and specifically MPFs in WWTPs and DWTPs, has been carried out. When the water is treate...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Sol, Amanda Laca, Adriana Laca, Mario Díaz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	microfibres technologies removal WWTPs DWTPs tap water Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9079b66bb4c0496bb9300dc9e871c600
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:9079b66bb4c0496bb9300dc9e871c600
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9079b66bb4c0496bb9300dc9e871c6002021-11-11T15:10:40ZMicroplastics in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Occurrence and Removal of Microfibres10.3390/app1121101092076-3417https://doaj.org/article/9079b66bb4c0496bb9300dc9e871c6002021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10109https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Microplastics (MPs), and specifically microfibres (MPFs), are ubiquitous in water bodies, including wastewater and drinking water. In this work, a thorough literature review on the occurrence and removal of MPs, and specifically MPFs in WWTPs and DWTPs, has been carried out. When the water is treated, an average microfiber removal efficiency over 70% is achieved in WWTPs and DWTPs. These high percentages are still inefficient for avoiding the presence of a large number of microfibres in treated wastewater and also in tap water. RSF, DAF, oxidation ditch and CAS processes have been described as the most efficient treatments for eliminating MPFs from wastewater treatment. It is remarkable the wide range of the data reported on this topic; for example, treated wastewater contains between not detected and 347 MPFs/L, whereas tap water contains between not detected and 168 MPFs/L. Microfibres constitute more than half of the MPs found in treated wastewater and sewage sludge, whereas in DWTP effluents the percentage of MPFs is around 32%. Nevertheless, the relative amount of MPFs reported in tap water is notably higher (71%). Microfibres from WWTPs are discharged to the environment, being a source of MP pollution. Additionally, MPs released by DWTPs directly enter the drinking water lines, which constitute a direct route for MP human consumption, so that it has been estimated that an adult may ingest an average value of 7500 MPFs per year only via tap water. Thus, this review provides an update on the performance of WWTPs and DWTPs in removing MPs from water, which is an issue of great interest.Daniel SolAmanda LacaAdriana LacaMario DíazMDPI AGarticlemicrofibrestechnologiesremovalWWTPsDWTPstap waterTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10109, p 10109 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	microfibres technologies removal WWTPs DWTPs tap water Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	microfibres technologies removal WWTPs DWTPs tap water Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Daniel Sol Amanda Laca Adriana Laca Mario Díaz Microplastics in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Occurrence and Removal of Microfibres
description	Microplastics (MPs), and specifically microfibres (MPFs), are ubiquitous in water bodies, including wastewater and drinking water. In this work, a thorough literature review on the occurrence and removal of MPs, and specifically MPFs in WWTPs and DWTPs, has been carried out. When the water is treated, an average microfiber removal efficiency over 70% is achieved in WWTPs and DWTPs. These high percentages are still inefficient for avoiding the presence of a large number of microfibres in treated wastewater and also in tap water. RSF, DAF, oxidation ditch and CAS processes have been described as the most efficient treatments for eliminating MPFs from wastewater treatment. It is remarkable the wide range of the data reported on this topic; for example, treated wastewater contains between not detected and 347 MPFs/L, whereas tap water contains between not detected and 168 MPFs/L. Microfibres constitute more than half of the MPs found in treated wastewater and sewage sludge, whereas in DWTP effluents the percentage of MPFs is around 32%. Nevertheless, the relative amount of MPFs reported in tap water is notably higher (71%). Microfibres from WWTPs are discharged to the environment, being a source of MP pollution. Additionally, MPs released by DWTPs directly enter the drinking water lines, which constitute a direct route for MP human consumption, so that it has been estimated that an adult may ingest an average value of 7500 MPFs per year only via tap water. Thus, this review provides an update on the performance of WWTPs and DWTPs in removing MPs from water, which is an issue of great interest.
format	article
author	Daniel Sol Amanda Laca Adriana Laca Mario Díaz
author_facet	Daniel Sol Amanda Laca Adriana Laca Mario Díaz
author_sort	Daniel Sol
title	Microplastics in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Occurrence and Removal of Microfibres
title_short	Microplastics in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Occurrence and Removal of Microfibres
title_full	Microplastics in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Occurrence and Removal of Microfibres
title_fullStr	Microplastics in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Occurrence and Removal of Microfibres
title_full_unstemmed	Microplastics in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Occurrence and Removal of Microfibres
title_sort	microplastics in wastewater and drinking water treatment plants: occurrence and removal of microfibres
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9079b66bb4c0496bb9300dc9e871c600
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielsol microplasticsinwastewateranddrinkingwatertreatmentplantsoccurrenceandremovalofmicrofibres AT amandalaca microplasticsinwastewateranddrinkingwatertreatmentplantsoccurrenceandremovalofmicrofibres AT adrianalaca microplasticsinwastewateranddrinkingwatertreatmentplantsoccurrenceandremovalofmicrofibres AT mariodiaz microplasticsinwastewateranddrinkingwatertreatmentplantsoccurrenceandremovalofmicrofibres
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Microplastics in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Occurrence and Removal of Microfibres

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