Past and present of cystic echinococcosis in Bolivia.

Viable eggs of the canine intestinal tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infect various intermediate hosts causing cystic echinococcosis (CE). Furthermore, CE represents a serious zoonosis causing a significant global burden of disease. CE is highly endemic in South America, including...

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Autores principales:	Viterman Ali, Eddy Martinez, Pamela Duran, Erick Villena, Peter Deplazes, Cristian A Alvarez Rojas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/90ad0c211e5143deb390eff2815ee8c3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:90ad0c211e5143deb390eff2815ee8c32021-11-25T06:31:45ZPast and present of cystic echinococcosis in Bolivia.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009426https://doaj.org/article/90ad0c211e5143deb390eff2815ee8c32021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009426https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735Viable eggs of the canine intestinal tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infect various intermediate hosts causing cystic echinococcosis (CE). Furthermore, CE represents a serious zoonosis causing a significant global burden of disease. CE is highly endemic in South America, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and Peru. For Bolivia, no official data concerning the incidence in humans or the number of livestock and dogs infected are available. However, it is well known that CE occurs in Bolivia. We aim here to fill the gap in the current knowledge of the epidemiological situation of CE in Bolivia, providing a historical overview of documents published within the country, which have never been comprehensively reviewed. The very first documentation of E. granulosus infection in animals dates in 1910, while the first human case was reported in 1913. In total, 876 human CE cases have been reported in the scientific literature, with an apparent increase since the 1970s. In the absence of other epidemiological studies, the highest prevalence in human comes from Tupiza, Potosí Department, where 4.1% (51/1,268) of the population showed signs of CE at mass ultrasound screening in 2011. In the same report, 24% of dog faecal samples were positive for coproantigens of E. granulosus s.l. in ELISA. The highest prevalence in intermediate hosts reported at abattoir reached 37.5% in cattle from Potosí, followed by 26.9% in llamas from Oruro, 2.4% in pigs and 1.4% in sheep from La Paz. Finally, Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.), Echinococcus ortleppi (G5), and Echinococcus intermedius (G7) have been identified in Bolivia. Data reviewed here confirm that E. granulosus s.l. is circulating in Bolivia and that a proper prospective nationwide epidemiological study of CE is urgently needed to define transmission patterns as a basis for the planning and implementation of future control measurements.Viterman AliEddy MartinezPamela DuranErick VillenaPeter DeplazesCristian A Alvarez RojasPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e0009426 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Viterman Ali Eddy Martinez Pamela Duran Erick Villena Peter Deplazes Cristian A Alvarez Rojas Past and present of cystic echinococcosis in Bolivia.
description	Viable eggs of the canine intestinal tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infect various intermediate hosts causing cystic echinococcosis (CE). Furthermore, CE represents a serious zoonosis causing a significant global burden of disease. CE is highly endemic in South America, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and Peru. For Bolivia, no official data concerning the incidence in humans or the number of livestock and dogs infected are available. However, it is well known that CE occurs in Bolivia. We aim here to fill the gap in the current knowledge of the epidemiological situation of CE in Bolivia, providing a historical overview of documents published within the country, which have never been comprehensively reviewed. The very first documentation of E. granulosus infection in animals dates in 1910, while the first human case was reported in 1913. In total, 876 human CE cases have been reported in the scientific literature, with an apparent increase since the 1970s. In the absence of other epidemiological studies, the highest prevalence in human comes from Tupiza, Potosí Department, where 4.1% (51/1,268) of the population showed signs of CE at mass ultrasound screening in 2011. In the same report, 24% of dog faecal samples were positive for coproantigens of E. granulosus s.l. in ELISA. The highest prevalence in intermediate hosts reported at abattoir reached 37.5% in cattle from Potosí, followed by 26.9% in llamas from Oruro, 2.4% in pigs and 1.4% in sheep from La Paz. Finally, Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.), Echinococcus ortleppi (G5), and Echinococcus intermedius (G7) have been identified in Bolivia. Data reviewed here confirm that E. granulosus s.l. is circulating in Bolivia and that a proper prospective nationwide epidemiological study of CE is urgently needed to define transmission patterns as a basis for the planning and implementation of future control measurements.
format	article
author	Viterman Ali Eddy Martinez Pamela Duran Erick Villena Peter Deplazes Cristian A Alvarez Rojas
author_facet	Viterman Ali Eddy Martinez Pamela Duran Erick Villena Peter Deplazes Cristian A Alvarez Rojas
author_sort	Viterman Ali
title	Past and present of cystic echinococcosis in Bolivia.
title_short	Past and present of cystic echinococcosis in Bolivia.
title_full	Past and present of cystic echinococcosis in Bolivia.
title_fullStr	Past and present of cystic echinococcosis in Bolivia.
title_full_unstemmed	Past and present of cystic echinococcosis in Bolivia.
title_sort	past and present of cystic echinococcosis in bolivia.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/90ad0c211e5143deb390eff2815ee8c3
work_keys_str_mv	AT vitermanali pastandpresentofcysticechinococcosisinbolivia AT eddymartinez pastandpresentofcysticechinococcosisinbolivia AT pameladuran pastandpresentofcysticechinococcosisinbolivia AT erickvillena pastandpresentofcysticechinococcosisinbolivia AT peterdeplazes pastandpresentofcysticechinococcosisinbolivia AT cristianaalvarezrojas pastandpresentofcysticechinococcosisinbolivia
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Past and present of cystic echinococcosis in Bolivia.

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