Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer

In developed countries, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Although cigarette smoking represents the principal risk factor for lung cancer in females, the higher proportion of this neoplasm among non-smoking women as compared with non-smoking men implies distinct...

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Autores principales:	Tiziana Vavalà, Annamaria Catino, Pamela Pizzutilo, Vito Longo, Domenico Galetta
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	gender differences lung cancer immunotherapy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/90b2b3106607485ea016497f23d99f64
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:90b2b3106607485ea016497f23d99f642021-11-11T17:21:38ZGender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer10.3390/ijms2221119421422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/90b2b3106607485ea016497f23d99f642021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11942https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067In developed countries, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Although cigarette smoking represents the principal risk factor for lung cancer in females, the higher proportion of this neoplasm among non-smoking women as compared with non-smoking men implies distinctive biological aspects between the two sexes. Gender differences depend not only on genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors but also on the immune system, and all these aspects are closely interconnected. In the last few years, it has been confirmed that the immune system plays a fundamental role in cancer evolution and response to oncological treatments, specifically immunotherapy, with documented distinctions between men and women. Consequently, in order to correctly assess cancer responses and disease control, considering only age and reproductive status, the results of studies conducted in female patients would probably not categorically apply to male patients and vice versa. The aim of this article is to review recent data about gender disparities in both healthy subjects’ immune system and lung cancer patients; furthermore, studies concerning gender differences in response to lung cancer immunotherapy are examined.Tiziana VavalàAnnamaria CatinoPamela PizzutiloVito LongoDomenico GalettaMDPI AGarticlegender differenceslung cancerimmunotherapyBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11942, p 11942 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	gender differences lung cancer immunotherapy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	gender differences lung cancer immunotherapy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Tiziana Vavalà Annamaria Catino Pamela Pizzutilo Vito Longo Domenico Galetta Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer
description	In developed countries, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Although cigarette smoking represents the principal risk factor for lung cancer in females, the higher proportion of this neoplasm among non-smoking women as compared with non-smoking men implies distinctive biological aspects between the two sexes. Gender differences depend not only on genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors but also on the immune system, and all these aspects are closely interconnected. In the last few years, it has been confirmed that the immune system plays a fundamental role in cancer evolution and response to oncological treatments, specifically immunotherapy, with documented distinctions between men and women. Consequently, in order to correctly assess cancer responses and disease control, considering only age and reproductive status, the results of studies conducted in female patients would probably not categorically apply to male patients and vice versa. The aim of this article is to review recent data about gender disparities in both healthy subjects’ immune system and lung cancer patients; furthermore, studies concerning gender differences in response to lung cancer immunotherapy are examined.
format	article
author	Tiziana Vavalà Annamaria Catino Pamela Pizzutilo Vito Longo Domenico Galetta
author_facet	Tiziana Vavalà Annamaria Catino Pamela Pizzutilo Vito Longo Domenico Galetta
author_sort	Tiziana Vavalà
title	Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer
title_short	Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer
title_full	Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer
title_fullStr	Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer
title_full_unstemmed	Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer
title_sort	gender differences and immunotherapy outcome in advanced lung cancer
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/90b2b3106607485ea016497f23d99f64
work_keys_str_mv	AT tizianavavala genderdifferencesandimmunotherapyoutcomeinadvancedlungcancer AT annamariacatino genderdifferencesandimmunotherapyoutcomeinadvancedlungcancer AT pamelapizzutilo genderdifferencesandimmunotherapyoutcomeinadvancedlungcancer AT vitolongo genderdifferencesandimmunotherapyoutcomeinadvancedlungcancer AT domenicogaletta genderdifferencesandimmunotherapyoutcomeinadvancedlungcancer
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Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer

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