Ancient antimicrobial peptides kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens: Australian mammals provide new options.

<h4>Background</h4>To overcome the increasing resistance of pathogens to existing antibiotics the 10×'20 Initiative declared the urgent need for a global commitment to develop 10 new antimicrobial drugs by the year 2020. Naturally occurring animal antibiotics are an obvious place to...

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Autores principales:	Jianghui Wang, Emily S W Wong, Jane C Whitley, Jian Li, Jessica M Stringer, Kirsty R Short, Marilyn B Renfree, Katherine Belov, Benjamin G Cocks
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/90b3d9d3ed5d43d6b05f4b455c0515a6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:90b3d9d3ed5d43d6b05f4b455c0515a62021-11-18T06:47:03ZAncient antimicrobial peptides kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens: Australian mammals provide new options.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0024030https://doaj.org/article/90b3d9d3ed5d43d6b05f4b455c0515a62011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21912615/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>To overcome the increasing resistance of pathogens to existing antibiotics the 10×'20 Initiative declared the urgent need for a global commitment to develop 10 new antimicrobial drugs by the year 2020. Naturally occurring animal antibiotics are an obvious place to start. The recently sequenced genomes of mammals that are divergent from human and mouse, including the tammar wallaby and the platypus, provide an opportunity to discover novel antimicrobials. Marsupials and monotremes are ideal potential sources of new antimicrobials because they give birth to underdeveloped immunologically naïve young that develop outside the sterile confines of a uterus in harsh pathogen-laden environments. While their adaptive immune system develops innate immune factors produced either by the mother or by the young must play a key role in protecting the immune-compromised young. In this study we focus on the cathelicidins, a key family of antimicrobial peptide genes.<h4>Principal finding</h4>We identified 14 cathelicidin genes in the tammar wallaby genome and 8 in the platypus genome. The tammar genes were expressed in the mammary gland during early lactation before the adaptive immune system of the young develops, as well as in the skin of the pouch young. Both platypus and tammar peptides were effective in killing a broad range of bacterial pathogens. One potent peptide, expressed in the early stages of tammar lactation, effectively killed multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii.<h4>Conclusions and significance</h4>Marsupial and monotreme young are protected by antimicrobial peptides that are potent, broad spectrum and salt resistant. The genomes of our distant relatives may hold the key for the development of novel drugs to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens.Jianghui WangEmily S W WongJane C WhitleyJian LiJessica M StringerKirsty R ShortMarilyn B RenfreeKatherine BelovBenjamin G CocksPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 8, p e24030 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jianghui Wang Emily S W Wong Jane C Whitley Jian Li Jessica M Stringer Kirsty R Short Marilyn B Renfree Katherine Belov Benjamin G Cocks Ancient antimicrobial peptides kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens: Australian mammals provide new options.
description	<h4>Background</h4>To overcome the increasing resistance of pathogens to existing antibiotics the 10×'20 Initiative declared the urgent need for a global commitment to develop 10 new antimicrobial drugs by the year 2020. Naturally occurring animal antibiotics are an obvious place to start. The recently sequenced genomes of mammals that are divergent from human and mouse, including the tammar wallaby and the platypus, provide an opportunity to discover novel antimicrobials. Marsupials and monotremes are ideal potential sources of new antimicrobials because they give birth to underdeveloped immunologically naïve young that develop outside the sterile confines of a uterus in harsh pathogen-laden environments. While their adaptive immune system develops innate immune factors produced either by the mother or by the young must play a key role in protecting the immune-compromised young. In this study we focus on the cathelicidins, a key family of antimicrobial peptide genes.<h4>Principal finding</h4>We identified 14 cathelicidin genes in the tammar wallaby genome and 8 in the platypus genome. The tammar genes were expressed in the mammary gland during early lactation before the adaptive immune system of the young develops, as well as in the skin of the pouch young. Both platypus and tammar peptides were effective in killing a broad range of bacterial pathogens. One potent peptide, expressed in the early stages of tammar lactation, effectively killed multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii.<h4>Conclusions and significance</h4>Marsupial and monotreme young are protected by antimicrobial peptides that are potent, broad spectrum and salt resistant. The genomes of our distant relatives may hold the key for the development of novel drugs to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens.
format	article
author	Jianghui Wang Emily S W Wong Jane C Whitley Jian Li Jessica M Stringer Kirsty R Short Marilyn B Renfree Katherine Belov Benjamin G Cocks
author_facet	Jianghui Wang Emily S W Wong Jane C Whitley Jian Li Jessica M Stringer Kirsty R Short Marilyn B Renfree Katherine Belov Benjamin G Cocks
author_sort	Jianghui Wang
title	Ancient antimicrobial peptides kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens: Australian mammals provide new options.
title_short	Ancient antimicrobial peptides kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens: Australian mammals provide new options.
title_full	Ancient antimicrobial peptides kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens: Australian mammals provide new options.
title_fullStr	Ancient antimicrobial peptides kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens: Australian mammals provide new options.
title_full_unstemmed	Ancient antimicrobial peptides kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens: Australian mammals provide new options.
title_sort	ancient antimicrobial peptides kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens: australian mammals provide new options.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/90b3d9d3ed5d43d6b05f4b455c0515a6
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Ancient antimicrobial peptides kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens: Australian mammals provide new options.

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