The influence of duration, arm crossing style, gender, and emotional closeness on hugging behaviour

Hugging is one of the most common types of affective touch encountered in everyday life. However, little is known about the factors that influence hugging evaluation and behaviour. Here, we aimed to assess how different hugs would be evaluated and whether they can affect mood. Furthermore, we aimed...

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Autores principales: Anna L. Dueren, Aikaterini Vafeiadou, Christopher Edgar, Michael J. Banissy
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/90b572905d94449c84e40279680d121b
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:90b572905d94449c84e40279680d121b2021-11-04T04:25:00ZThe influence of duration, arm crossing style, gender, and emotional closeness on hugging behaviour0001-691810.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103441https://doaj.org/article/90b572905d94449c84e40279680d121b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691821001918https://doaj.org/toc/0001-6918Hugging is one of the most common types of affective touch encountered in everyday life. However, little is known about the factors that influence hugging evaluation and behaviour. Here, we aimed to assess how different hugs would be evaluated and whether they can affect mood. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate what kind of arm crossing is common in a naturalistic setting and whether arm crossing style could be predicted from gender, emotional closeness, and the height difference of huggers. We conducted two studies addressing these questions. In study 1, participants hugged a confederate for 1 second (s), 5 s or 10 s with two different arm crossing styles and reported how pleasant, arousing and under control the touch felt. Additionally, participants were asked about their mood (“self-ratings”) immediately after, 3 minutes (min) after and 6 min after each hug. In study 2, participants were approached on campus and asked to share a hug, with arm crossing style being the dependent variable. The height difference, gender and self-rated emotional closeness to the hug partner were recorded as possible predictors for arm crossing style. Results from study 1 indicate that duration matters more than arm crossing style for hug pleasure, arousal, and control, with 1 s hugs being rated as least pleasant and under control than 5 s and 10 s hugs. Accordingly, 1 s hugs also resulted in lower pleasure self-ratings immediately post hug than 5 s and 10 s hugs. Arousal self-ratings were higher immediately post hug than several minutes after a hug. In study 2, gender was linked to arm crossing style, with male-male hug dyads exhibiting a different hugging style from female-female dyads. These findings are discussed in relation to previous hug research and gender differences in touch behaviour.Anna L. DuerenAikaterini VafeiadouChristopher EdgarMichael J. BanissyElsevierarticlePleasant touchAffective touchHugEmbraceAffectPsychologyBF1-990ENActa Psychologica, Vol 221, Iss , Pp 103441- (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Pleasant touch
Affective touch
Hug
Embrace
Affect
Psychology
BF1-990
spellingShingle Pleasant touch
Affective touch
Hug
Embrace
Affect
Psychology
BF1-990
Anna L. Dueren
Aikaterini Vafeiadou
Christopher Edgar
Michael J. Banissy
The influence of duration, arm crossing style, gender, and emotional closeness on hugging behaviour
description Hugging is one of the most common types of affective touch encountered in everyday life. However, little is known about the factors that influence hugging evaluation and behaviour. Here, we aimed to assess how different hugs would be evaluated and whether they can affect mood. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate what kind of arm crossing is common in a naturalistic setting and whether arm crossing style could be predicted from gender, emotional closeness, and the height difference of huggers. We conducted two studies addressing these questions. In study 1, participants hugged a confederate for 1 second (s), 5 s or 10 s with two different arm crossing styles and reported how pleasant, arousing and under control the touch felt. Additionally, participants were asked about their mood (“self-ratings”) immediately after, 3 minutes (min) after and 6 min after each hug. In study 2, participants were approached on campus and asked to share a hug, with arm crossing style being the dependent variable. The height difference, gender and self-rated emotional closeness to the hug partner were recorded as possible predictors for arm crossing style. Results from study 1 indicate that duration matters more than arm crossing style for hug pleasure, arousal, and control, with 1 s hugs being rated as least pleasant and under control than 5 s and 10 s hugs. Accordingly, 1 s hugs also resulted in lower pleasure self-ratings immediately post hug than 5 s and 10 s hugs. Arousal self-ratings were higher immediately post hug than several minutes after a hug. In study 2, gender was linked to arm crossing style, with male-male hug dyads exhibiting a different hugging style from female-female dyads. These findings are discussed in relation to previous hug research and gender differences in touch behaviour.
format article
author Anna L. Dueren
Aikaterini Vafeiadou
Christopher Edgar
Michael J. Banissy
author_facet Anna L. Dueren
Aikaterini Vafeiadou
Christopher Edgar
Michael J. Banissy
author_sort Anna L. Dueren
title The influence of duration, arm crossing style, gender, and emotional closeness on hugging behaviour
title_short The influence of duration, arm crossing style, gender, and emotional closeness on hugging behaviour
title_full The influence of duration, arm crossing style, gender, and emotional closeness on hugging behaviour
title_fullStr The influence of duration, arm crossing style, gender, and emotional closeness on hugging behaviour
title_full_unstemmed The influence of duration, arm crossing style, gender, and emotional closeness on hugging behaviour
title_sort influence of duration, arm crossing style, gender, and emotional closeness on hugging behaviour
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/90b572905d94449c84e40279680d121b
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