Carnivorous Nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory.

Carnivorous plants feed on animal prey, mainly insects, to get additional nutrients. This carnivorous syndrome is widely investigated and reported. In contrast, reports on herbivores feeding on carnivorous plants and related defenses of the plants under attack are rare. Here, we studied the interact...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Alberto Dávila-Lara, Asifur Rahman-Soad, Michael Reichelt, Axel Mithöfer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/90b858d426024886b0e3d6a0636e871c
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:90b858d426024886b0e3d6a0636e871c
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:90b858d426024886b0e3d6a0636e871c2021-12-02T20:13:35ZCarnivorous Nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258235https://doaj.org/article/90b858d426024886b0e3d6a0636e871c2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258235https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Carnivorous plants feed on animal prey, mainly insects, to get additional nutrients. This carnivorous syndrome is widely investigated and reported. In contrast, reports on herbivores feeding on carnivorous plants and related defenses of the plants under attack are rare. Here, we studied the interaction of a pitcher plant, Nepenthes x ventrata, with a generalist lepidopteran herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis, using a combination of LC/MS-based chemical analytics, choice and feeding assays. Chemical defenses in N. x ventrata leaves were analyzed upon S. littoralis feeding. A naphthoquinone, plumbagin, was identified in Nepenthes defense against herbivores and as the compound mainly responsible for the finding that S. littoralis larvae gained almost no weight when feeding on Nepenthes leaves. Plumbagin is constitutively present but further 3-fold increased upon long-term (> 1 day) feeding. Moreover, in parallel de novo induced trypsin protease inhibitor (TI) activity was identified. In contrast to TI activity, enhanced plumbagin levels were not phytohormone inducible, not even by defense-related jasmonates although upon herbivory their level increased more than 50-fold in the case of the bioactive jasmonic acid-isoleucine. We conclude that Nepenthes is efficiently protected against insect herbivores by naphthoquinones acting as phytoanticipins, which is supported by additional inducible defenses. The regulation of these defenses remains to be investigated.Alberto Dávila-LaraAsifur Rahman-SoadMichael ReicheltAxel MithöferPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258235 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alberto Dávila-Lara Asifur Rahman-Soad Michael Reichelt Axel Mithöfer Carnivorous Nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory.
description	Carnivorous plants feed on animal prey, mainly insects, to get additional nutrients. This carnivorous syndrome is widely investigated and reported. In contrast, reports on herbivores feeding on carnivorous plants and related defenses of the plants under attack are rare. Here, we studied the interaction of a pitcher plant, Nepenthes x ventrata, with a generalist lepidopteran herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis, using a combination of LC/MS-based chemical analytics, choice and feeding assays. Chemical defenses in N. x ventrata leaves were analyzed upon S. littoralis feeding. A naphthoquinone, plumbagin, was identified in Nepenthes defense against herbivores and as the compound mainly responsible for the finding that S. littoralis larvae gained almost no weight when feeding on Nepenthes leaves. Plumbagin is constitutively present but further 3-fold increased upon long-term (> 1 day) feeding. Moreover, in parallel de novo induced trypsin protease inhibitor (TI) activity was identified. In contrast to TI activity, enhanced plumbagin levels were not phytohormone inducible, not even by defense-related jasmonates although upon herbivory their level increased more than 50-fold in the case of the bioactive jasmonic acid-isoleucine. We conclude that Nepenthes is efficiently protected against insect herbivores by naphthoquinones acting as phytoanticipins, which is supported by additional inducible defenses. The regulation of these defenses remains to be investigated.
format	article
author	Alberto Dávila-Lara Asifur Rahman-Soad Michael Reichelt Axel Mithöfer
author_facet	Alberto Dávila-Lara Asifur Rahman-Soad Michael Reichelt Axel Mithöfer
author_sort	Alberto Dávila-Lara
title	Carnivorous Nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory.
title_short	Carnivorous Nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory.
title_full	Carnivorous Nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory.
title_fullStr	Carnivorous Nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory.
title_full_unstemmed	Carnivorous Nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory.
title_sort	carnivorous nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/90b858d426024886b0e3d6a0636e871c
work_keys_str_mv	AT albertodavilalara carnivorousnepenthesxventrataplantsuseanaphthoquinoneasphytoanticipinagainstherbivory AT asifurrahmansoad carnivorousnepenthesxventrataplantsuseanaphthoquinoneasphytoanticipinagainstherbivory AT michaelreichelt carnivorousnepenthesxventrataplantsuseanaphthoquinoneasphytoanticipinagainstherbivory AT axelmithofer carnivorousnepenthesxventrataplantsuseanaphthoquinoneasphytoanticipinagainstherbivory
_version_	1718374778823245824

Carnivorous Nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory.

Ejemplares similares