An Evaluation Framework for Second-Life EV/PHEV Battery Application in Power Systems

Energy storage is essential for balancing the generation and load in power systems. Building a battery energy storage system (BESS) with retired battery packs from electric vehicles (EVs) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is one possible way to subsidize the price of EV/PHEV batteries, and...

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Autores principales:	Songjian Chai, Ning Zhou Xu, Ming Niu, Ka Wing Chan, Chi Yung Chung, Hui Jiang, Yuxin Sun
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IEEE 2021
Materias:	Battery degradation battery energy storage system (BESS) battery repurposing economic dispatch (ED) electric vehicle (EV) end-of-life (EOL) Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9110691de49049d78c1ab61589fa0ca6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9110691de49049d78c1ab61589fa0ca62021-11-20T00:01:32ZAn Evaluation Framework for Second-Life EV/PHEV Battery Application in Power Systems2169-353610.1109/ACCESS.2021.3126872https://doaj.org/article/9110691de49049d78c1ab61589fa0ca62021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9610001/https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536Energy storage is essential for balancing the generation and load in power systems. Building a battery energy storage system (BESS) with retired battery packs from electric vehicles (EVs) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is one possible way to subsidize the price of EV/PHEV batteries, and at the same time mitigating forecast error introduced by load and renewable energy sources in power systems. This paper proposes a detailed framework to evaluate end-of-life (EOL) EV/PHEV batteries in BESS application. The framework consists of three parts. A generalized model for battery degradation is first introduced. It is followed by modeling the battery retirement process in its first life. Two vehicle types—EV and PHEV—as well as two retirement modes—nominal and realistic modes—are considered. Finally, the application of the second-life BESS in power systems is modeled in a detailed economic dispatch (ED) problem. This is how second-life BESS’s performance translates into cost savings on power generation. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize total cost savings in power generation over the battery’s second life. This is done by striking a balance between short-term benefit (daily cost savings) and long-term benefit (cost savings through service years). Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework/models. They show that battery usage and retirement criterion in its first life directly affect the performance in its second life application. In our case study, EV battery packs possess larger EOL energy capacities and consequently generate more cost savings in the second life. However, the BESS built from retired PHEV batteries has higher cost savings per MWh. It is because, with the proposed degradation model, battery health is better preserved in PHEV applications. Compared to nominal retirement mode, realistic retirement mode results in extra cost savings due to the reduced first-life service years.Songjian ChaiNing Zhou XuMing NiuKa Wing ChanChi Yung ChungHui JiangYuxin SunIEEEarticleBattery degradationbattery energy storage system (BESS)battery repurposingeconomic dispatch (ED)electric vehicle (EV)end-of-life (EOL)Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971ENIEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 152430-152441 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Battery degradation battery energy storage system (BESS) battery repurposing economic dispatch (ED) electric vehicle (EV) end-of-life (EOL) Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
spellingShingle	Battery degradation battery energy storage system (BESS) battery repurposing economic dispatch (ED) electric vehicle (EV) end-of-life (EOL) Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Songjian Chai Ning Zhou Xu Ming Niu Ka Wing Chan Chi Yung Chung Hui Jiang Yuxin Sun An Evaluation Framework for Second-Life EV/PHEV Battery Application in Power Systems
description	Energy storage is essential for balancing the generation and load in power systems. Building a battery energy storage system (BESS) with retired battery packs from electric vehicles (EVs) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is one possible way to subsidize the price of EV/PHEV batteries, and at the same time mitigating forecast error introduced by load and renewable energy sources in power systems. This paper proposes a detailed framework to evaluate end-of-life (EOL) EV/PHEV batteries in BESS application. The framework consists of three parts. A generalized model for battery degradation is first introduced. It is followed by modeling the battery retirement process in its first life. Two vehicle types—EV and PHEV—as well as two retirement modes—nominal and realistic modes—are considered. Finally, the application of the second-life BESS in power systems is modeled in a detailed economic dispatch (ED) problem. This is how second-life BESS’s performance translates into cost savings on power generation. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize total cost savings in power generation over the battery’s second life. This is done by striking a balance between short-term benefit (daily cost savings) and long-term benefit (cost savings through service years). Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework/models. They show that battery usage and retirement criterion in its first life directly affect the performance in its second life application. In our case study, EV battery packs possess larger EOL energy capacities and consequently generate more cost savings in the second life. However, the BESS built from retired PHEV batteries has higher cost savings per MWh. It is because, with the proposed degradation model, battery health is better preserved in PHEV applications. Compared to nominal retirement mode, realistic retirement mode results in extra cost savings due to the reduced first-life service years.
format	article
author	Songjian Chai Ning Zhou Xu Ming Niu Ka Wing Chan Chi Yung Chung Hui Jiang Yuxin Sun
author_facet	Songjian Chai Ning Zhou Xu Ming Niu Ka Wing Chan Chi Yung Chung Hui Jiang Yuxin Sun
author_sort	Songjian Chai
title	An Evaluation Framework for Second-Life EV/PHEV Battery Application in Power Systems
title_short	An Evaluation Framework for Second-Life EV/PHEV Battery Application in Power Systems
title_full	An Evaluation Framework for Second-Life EV/PHEV Battery Application in Power Systems
title_fullStr	An Evaluation Framework for Second-Life EV/PHEV Battery Application in Power Systems
title_full_unstemmed	An Evaluation Framework for Second-Life EV/PHEV Battery Application in Power Systems
title_sort	evaluation framework for second-life ev/phev battery application in power systems
publisher	IEEE
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9110691de49049d78c1ab61589fa0ca6
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An Evaluation Framework for Second-Life EV/PHEV Battery Application in Power Systems

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