Stinging Trichomes in Apocynaceae and Their Evolution in Angiosperms

Stinging trichomes are rare in plants, occurring only in angiosperms, where they are reported for a few genera belonging to six families. Although there is no report of stinging trichomes in Apocynaceae, previous fieldwork collections of <i>Fischeria</i> and <i>Matelea</i> ca...

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Autores principales:	Maria Camila Medina, Mariane S. Sousa-Baena, Natalie do Valle Capelli, Raquel Koch, Diego Demarco
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	glandular trichomes plant defense evolutionary convergence anatomy secretion Apocynaceae Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9116744b5c7a454488cb966326cccb0d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9116744b5c7a454488cb966326cccb0d2021-11-25T18:45:23ZStinging Trichomes in Apocynaceae and Their Evolution in Angiosperms10.3390/plants101123242223-7747https://doaj.org/article/9116744b5c7a454488cb966326cccb0d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2324https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Stinging trichomes are rare in plants, occurring only in angiosperms, where they are reported for a few genera belonging to six families. Although there is no report of stinging trichomes in Apocynaceae, previous fieldwork collections of <i>Fischeria</i> and <i>Matelea</i> caused us a mild allergic reaction on the skin when we contacted the dense indumentum of the plants. This fact associated with the well-known presence of glandular trichomes with acute apex in both genera raised suspicions that stinging trichomes could be present in the family. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the likely occurrence of stinging trichomes in <i>Fischeria</i> and <i>Matelea</i>. We analyzed vegetative shoots and leaves of <i>Fischeria stellata</i> and <i>Matelea denticulata</i> through the usual procedures of light and scanning electron microscopy. We also performed several histochemical tests to investigate the chemical composition of trichome secretion. We detected that glandular trichomes occur throughout the surface of the leaf and stem. They are multicellular, uniseriate with an apical secretory cell, which has a dilated base and a needle-shaped apex. The secretion is compressed into the acuminate portion of the apical cell by a large vacuole, and crystals are deposited in the cell wall in a subapical position, providing a preferential site of rupture. The secretion, composed of amino acids and/or proteins, is released under mechanical action, causing skin irritation. Based on our detailed morphological and anatomical analyses, and in the functional aspects observed, we concluded that the glandular trichomes in <i>Fischeria</i> and <i>Matelea</i> can indeed be classified as stinging. Thus, Apocynaceae is the seventh family for which this type of trichome has been reported. We also compiled information on stinging trichomes in all families of angiosperms. Their phylogenetic distribution indicates that they have evolved at least 12 times during angiosperm evolution and may represent an evolutionary convergence of plant defense against herbivory.Maria Camila MedinaMariane S. Sousa-BaenaNatalie do Valle CapelliRaquel KochDiego DemarcoMDPI AGarticleglandular trichomesplant defenseevolutionary convergenceanatomysecretionApocynaceaeBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2324, p 2324 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	glandular trichomes plant defense evolutionary convergence anatomy secretion Apocynaceae Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	glandular trichomes plant defense evolutionary convergence anatomy secretion Apocynaceae Botany QK1-989 Maria Camila Medina Mariane S. Sousa-Baena Natalie do Valle Capelli Raquel Koch Diego Demarco Stinging Trichomes in Apocynaceae and Their Evolution in Angiosperms
description	Stinging trichomes are rare in plants, occurring only in angiosperms, where they are reported for a few genera belonging to six families. Although there is no report of stinging trichomes in Apocynaceae, previous fieldwork collections of <i>Fischeria</i> and <i>Matelea</i> caused us a mild allergic reaction on the skin when we contacted the dense indumentum of the plants. This fact associated with the well-known presence of glandular trichomes with acute apex in both genera raised suspicions that stinging trichomes could be present in the family. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the likely occurrence of stinging trichomes in <i>Fischeria</i> and <i>Matelea</i>. We analyzed vegetative shoots and leaves of <i>Fischeria stellata</i> and <i>Matelea denticulata</i> through the usual procedures of light and scanning electron microscopy. We also performed several histochemical tests to investigate the chemical composition of trichome secretion. We detected that glandular trichomes occur throughout the surface of the leaf and stem. They are multicellular, uniseriate with an apical secretory cell, which has a dilated base and a needle-shaped apex. The secretion is compressed into the acuminate portion of the apical cell by a large vacuole, and crystals are deposited in the cell wall in a subapical position, providing a preferential site of rupture. The secretion, composed of amino acids and/or proteins, is released under mechanical action, causing skin irritation. Based on our detailed morphological and anatomical analyses, and in the functional aspects observed, we concluded that the glandular trichomes in <i>Fischeria</i> and <i>Matelea</i> can indeed be classified as stinging. Thus, Apocynaceae is the seventh family for which this type of trichome has been reported. We also compiled information on stinging trichomes in all families of angiosperms. Their phylogenetic distribution indicates that they have evolved at least 12 times during angiosperm evolution and may represent an evolutionary convergence of plant defense against herbivory.
format	article
author	Maria Camila Medina Mariane S. Sousa-Baena Natalie do Valle Capelli Raquel Koch Diego Demarco
author_facet	Maria Camila Medina Mariane S. Sousa-Baena Natalie do Valle Capelli Raquel Koch Diego Demarco
author_sort	Maria Camila Medina
title	Stinging Trichomes in Apocynaceae and Their Evolution in Angiosperms
title_short	Stinging Trichomes in Apocynaceae and Their Evolution in Angiosperms
title_full	Stinging Trichomes in Apocynaceae and Their Evolution in Angiosperms
title_fullStr	Stinging Trichomes in Apocynaceae and Their Evolution in Angiosperms
title_full_unstemmed	Stinging Trichomes in Apocynaceae and Their Evolution in Angiosperms
title_sort	stinging trichomes in apocynaceae and their evolution in angiosperms
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9116744b5c7a454488cb966326cccb0d
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariacamilamedina stingingtrichomesinapocynaceaeandtheirevolutioninangiosperms AT marianessousabaena stingingtrichomesinapocynaceaeandtheirevolutioninangiosperms AT nataliedovallecapelli stingingtrichomesinapocynaceaeandtheirevolutioninangiosperms AT raquelkoch stingingtrichomesinapocynaceaeandtheirevolutioninangiosperms AT diegodemarco stingingtrichomesinapocynaceaeandtheirevolutioninangiosperms
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Stinging Trichomes in Apocynaceae and Their Evolution in Angiosperms

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