Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator

Sankarathi Balaiya, Kumar Sambhav, William B Cook, Kakarla V Chalam Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA Objective: To evaluate the effect of varying concentrations of brilliant blue green (BBG) and their different biochemical characteristic...

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Autores principales:	Balaiya S, Sambhav K, Cook WB, Chalam KV
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	Brilliant blue green dye endoilluminator vitrectomy human retinal RPE cells (ARPE-19). Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9129a1ccfe6445d1b6d31848335a4e75
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9129a1ccfe6445d1b6d31848335a4e752021-12-02T04:59:04ZOsmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/9129a1ccfe6445d1b6d31848335a4e752016-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/osmolarity-and-spectrophotometric-property-of-brilliant-blue-green-def-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Sankarathi Balaiya, Kumar Sambhav, William B Cook, Kakarla V Chalam Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA Objective: To evaluate the effect of varying concentrations of brilliant blue green (BBG) and their different biochemical characteristics on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under xenon light source illumination at varying distances to identify safe parameters for intraoperative use. Methods: Human retinal RPE cells (ARPE-19) were exposed to two concentrations (0.25 and 0.50 mg/mL) of BBG and illuminated with a xenon surgical illuminator at varying distances (10 and 25 mm), intensity levels, and time intervals (1, 5, and 15 minutes). Additionally, the effect of osmolarity was examined by diluting BBG in different concentrations of glucose. Cytotoxicity of BBG and osmolarity effects on cell viability were evaluated using a WST-1 assay. Light absorption and emission characteristic of BBG in different solvents were measured using a plate reader at different wavelengths. Lastly, the activity of caspase-3 was also studied. Results: Cell viability of ARPE-19 cells was 77.4%±12.7%, 78.7%±17.0%, and 65.0%±19.7% at 1, 5, and 15 minutes to exposure of high illumination xenon light at 10 mm (P<0.05) compared to controls. At both distances of illumination (10 and 25 mm), similar cell viabilities were seen between 1 and 5 minutes of exposure. However, there was a decline in viability when the illumination was carried out to 15 minutes in all groups (P<0.05). There was no significant reduction in cell viability in presence or absence of xenon light in different osmolar solutions concentrations of glucose (P>0.05). Maximal light absorption of BBG was noted between 540 and 680 nm. Activated caspase-3 level was not significant in both the concentrations of BBG (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BBG at 0.25 mg/mL during vitreoretinal surgery is safe and not toxic to RPE cells up to 5 minutes under focal high illumination (10 mm) and up to 15 minutes under medium diffuse illumination (25 mm). BBG was safe to be mixed with isotonic glucose solution at the concentration range of 2.5%–10%, regardless of the illumination status. Keywords: brilliant blue green dye, endoilluminator, vitrectomy, human retinal RPE cells, internal limiting membrane peelBalaiya SSambhav KCook WBChalam KVDove Medical PressarticleBrilliant blue green dyeendoilluminatorvitrectomyhuman retinal RPE cells (ARPE-19).OphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 10, Pp 1543-1551 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Brilliant blue green dye endoilluminator vitrectomy human retinal RPE cells (ARPE-19). Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	Brilliant blue green dye endoilluminator vitrectomy human retinal RPE cells (ARPE-19). Ophthalmology RE1-994 Balaiya S Sambhav K Cook WB Chalam KV Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator
description	Sankarathi Balaiya, Kumar Sambhav, William B Cook, Kakarla V Chalam Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA Objective: To evaluate the effect of varying concentrations of brilliant blue green (BBG) and their different biochemical characteristics on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under xenon light source illumination at varying distances to identify safe parameters for intraoperative use. Methods: Human retinal RPE cells (ARPE-19) were exposed to two concentrations (0.25 and 0.50 mg/mL) of BBG and illuminated with a xenon surgical illuminator at varying distances (10 and 25 mm), intensity levels, and time intervals (1, 5, and 15 minutes). Additionally, the effect of osmolarity was examined by diluting BBG in different concentrations of glucose. Cytotoxicity of BBG and osmolarity effects on cell viability were evaluated using a WST-1 assay. Light absorption and emission characteristic of BBG in different solvents were measured using a plate reader at different wavelengths. Lastly, the activity of caspase-3 was also studied. Results: Cell viability of ARPE-19 cells was 77.4%±12.7%, 78.7%±17.0%, and 65.0%±19.7% at 1, 5, and 15 minutes to exposure of high illumination xenon light at 10 mm (P<0.05) compared to controls. At both distances of illumination (10 and 25 mm), similar cell viabilities were seen between 1 and 5 minutes of exposure. However, there was a decline in viability when the illumination was carried out to 15 minutes in all groups (P<0.05). There was no significant reduction in cell viability in presence or absence of xenon light in different osmolar solutions concentrations of glucose (P>0.05). Maximal light absorption of BBG was noted between 540 and 680 nm. Activated caspase-3 level was not significant in both the concentrations of BBG (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BBG at 0.25 mg/mL during vitreoretinal surgery is safe and not toxic to RPE cells up to 5 minutes under focal high illumination (10 mm) and up to 15 minutes under medium diffuse illumination (25 mm). BBG was safe to be mixed with isotonic glucose solution at the concentration range of 2.5%–10%, regardless of the illumination status. Keywords: brilliant blue green dye, endoilluminator, vitrectomy, human retinal RPE cells, internal limiting membrane peel
format	article
author	Balaiya S Sambhav K Cook WB Chalam KV
author_facet	Balaiya S Sambhav K Cook WB Chalam KV
author_sort	Balaiya S
title	Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator
title_short	Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator
title_full	Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator
title_fullStr	Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator
title_full_unstemmed	Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator
title_sort	osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/9129a1ccfe6445d1b6d31848335a4e75
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Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator

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