Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease study

Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease study

Sannapaneni Krishnaiah1,2,3, Marmamula Srinivas1,2,3, Rohit C Khanna1,2, Gullapalli N Rao1,2,31L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; 2International Center for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; 3Vision CRC, University of New...

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Autores principales: Sannapaneni Krishnaiah, Marmamula Srinivas, Rohit C Khanna, Gullapalli N Rao
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2008
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Ophthalmology
RE1-994
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/9131e4e54aa44282a07c7663d80b3e03
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:9131e4e54aa44282a07c7663d80b3e032021-12-02T02:02:53ZPrevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease study1177-54671177-5483https://doaj.org/article/9131e4e54aa44282a07c7663d80b3e032008-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/prevalence-and-risk-factors-for-refractive-errors-in-the-south-indian--a2664https://doaj.org/toc/1177-5467https://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Sannapaneni Krishnaiah1,2,3, Marmamula Srinivas1,2,3, Rohit C Khanna1,2, Gullapalli N Rao1,2,31L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; 2International Center for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; 3Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaAim: To report the prevalence, risk factors and associated population attributable risk percentage (PAR) for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. A multistage cluster, systematic, stratified random sampling method was used to obtain participants (n = 10293) for this study.Results: The age-gender-area-adjusted prevalence rates in those ≥40 years of age were determined for myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] < −0.5 D) 34.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.1–36.1), high-myopia (SE < −5.0 D) 4.5% (95% CI: 3.8–5.2), hyperopia (SE > +0.5 D) 18.4% (95% CI: 17.1–19.7), astigmatism (cylinder < −0.5 D) 37.6% (95% CI: 36–39.2), and anisometropia (SE difference between right and left eyes >0.5 D) 13.0% (95% CI: 11.9–14.1). The prevalence of myopia, astigmatism, high-myopia, and anisometropia significantly increased with increasing age (all p < 0.0001). There was no gender difference in prevalence rates in any type of refractive error, though women had a significantly higher rate of hyperopia than men (p < 0.0001). Hyperopia was significantly higher among those with a higher educational level (odds ratio [OR] 2.49; 95% CI: 1.51–3.95) and significantly higher among the hypertensive group (OR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03–1.49). The severity of lens nuclear opacity was positively associated with myopia and negatively associated with hyperopia.Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia in this adult Indian population is much higher than in similarly aged white populations. These results confirm the previously reported association between myopia, hyperopia, and nuclear opacity.Keywords: refractive errors, risk factors, population attributable risk percent, population-based cross-sectional study, southern India Sannapaneni KrishnaiahMarmamula SrinivasRohit C KhannaGullapalli N RaoDove Medical PressarticleOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol 2009, Iss default, Pp 17-27 (2008)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Ophthalmology
RE1-994
spellingShingle Ophthalmology
RE1-994
Sannapaneni Krishnaiah
Marmamula Srinivas
Rohit C Khanna
Gullapalli N Rao
Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease study
description Sannapaneni Krishnaiah1,2,3, Marmamula Srinivas1,2,3, Rohit C Khanna1,2, Gullapalli N Rao1,2,31L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; 2International Center for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; 3Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaAim: To report the prevalence, risk factors and associated population attributable risk percentage (PAR) for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. A multistage cluster, systematic, stratified random sampling method was used to obtain participants (n = 10293) for this study.Results: The age-gender-area-adjusted prevalence rates in those ≥40 years of age were determined for myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] < −0.5 D) 34.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.1–36.1), high-myopia (SE < −5.0 D) 4.5% (95% CI: 3.8–5.2), hyperopia (SE > +0.5 D) 18.4% (95% CI: 17.1–19.7), astigmatism (cylinder < −0.5 D) 37.6% (95% CI: 36–39.2), and anisometropia (SE difference between right and left eyes >0.5 D) 13.0% (95% CI: 11.9–14.1). The prevalence of myopia, astigmatism, high-myopia, and anisometropia significantly increased with increasing age (all p < 0.0001). There was no gender difference in prevalence rates in any type of refractive error, though women had a significantly higher rate of hyperopia than men (p < 0.0001). Hyperopia was significantly higher among those with a higher educational level (odds ratio [OR] 2.49; 95% CI: 1.51–3.95) and significantly higher among the hypertensive group (OR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03–1.49). The severity of lens nuclear opacity was positively associated with myopia and negatively associated with hyperopia.Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia in this adult Indian population is much higher than in similarly aged white populations. These results confirm the previously reported association between myopia, hyperopia, and nuclear opacity.Keywords: refractive errors, risk factors, population attributable risk percent, population-based cross-sectional study, southern India
format article
author Sannapaneni Krishnaiah
Marmamula Srinivas
Rohit C Khanna
Gullapalli N Rao
author_facet Sannapaneni Krishnaiah
Marmamula Srinivas
Rohit C Khanna
Gullapalli N Rao
author_sort Sannapaneni Krishnaiah
title Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease study
title_short Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease study
title_full Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease study
title_fullStr Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the South Indian adult population: The Andhra Pradesh Eye disease study
title_sort prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in the south indian adult population: the andhra pradesh eye disease study
publisher Dove Medical Press
publishDate 2008
url https://doaj.org/article/9131e4e54aa44282a07c7663d80b3e03
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