In Situ Determination of Droplet and Nanoparticle Size Distributions in Spray Flame Synthesis by Wide-Angle Light Scattering (WALS)

The investigation of droplet and nanoparticle formation in spray flame synthesis requires sophisticated measurement techniques, as often both are present simultaneously. Here, wide-angle light scattering (WALS) was applied to determine droplet and nanoparticle size distributions in spray flames from...

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Autores principales:	Simon Aßmann, Bettina Münsterjohann, Franz J. T. Huber, Stefan Will
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	spray flame synthesis flame spray pyrolysis droplet size distribution particle size distribution TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanoparticles spherical particles Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/913cb52bfcb043419b9a26e28664ba93
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:913cb52bfcb043419b9a26e28664ba932021-11-11T18:11:57ZIn Situ Determination of Droplet and Nanoparticle Size Distributions in Spray Flame Synthesis by Wide-Angle Light Scattering (WALS)10.3390/ma142166981996-1944https://doaj.org/article/913cb52bfcb043419b9a26e28664ba932021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6698https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944The investigation of droplet and nanoparticle formation in spray flame synthesis requires sophisticated measurement techniques, as often both are present simultaneously. Here, wide-angle light scattering (WALS) was applied to determine droplet and nanoparticle size distributions in spray flames from a standardized liquid-fed burner setup. Solvents of pure ethanol and a mixture of ethanol and titanium isopropoxide, incepting nanoparticle synthesis, were investigated. A novel method for the evaluation of scattering data from droplets between 2 µm and 50 µm was successfully implemented. Applying this, we could reveal the development of a bimodal droplet size distribution for the solvent/precursor system, probably induced by droplet micro-explosions. To determine nanoparticle size distributions, an appropriate filter and the averaging of single-shot data were applied to ensure scattering from a significant amount of nanoparticles homogeneously distributed in the measurement volume. From the multivariate analysis of the scattering data, the presence of spherical particles and fractal aggregates was derived, which was confirmed by analysis of transmission electron microscopy images. Monte Carlo simulations allowed determining the distribution parameters for both morphological fractions in three heights above the burner. The results showed relatively wide size distributions, especially for the spherical fraction, and indicated an ongoing sintering, from fractal to spherical particles.Simon AßmannBettina MünsterjohannFranz J. T. HuberStefan WillMDPI AGarticlespray flame synthesisflame spray pyrolysisdroplet size distributionparticle size distributionTiO<sub>2</sub>-nanoparticlesspherical particlesTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6698, p 6698 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	spray flame synthesis flame spray pyrolysis droplet size distribution particle size distribution TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanoparticles spherical particles Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	spray flame synthesis flame spray pyrolysis droplet size distribution particle size distribution TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanoparticles spherical particles Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Simon Aßmann Bettina Münsterjohann Franz J. T. Huber Stefan Will In Situ Determination of Droplet and Nanoparticle Size Distributions in Spray Flame Synthesis by Wide-Angle Light Scattering (WALS)
description	The investigation of droplet and nanoparticle formation in spray flame synthesis requires sophisticated measurement techniques, as often both are present simultaneously. Here, wide-angle light scattering (WALS) was applied to determine droplet and nanoparticle size distributions in spray flames from a standardized liquid-fed burner setup. Solvents of pure ethanol and a mixture of ethanol and titanium isopropoxide, incepting nanoparticle synthesis, were investigated. A novel method for the evaluation of scattering data from droplets between 2 µm and 50 µm was successfully implemented. Applying this, we could reveal the development of a bimodal droplet size distribution for the solvent/precursor system, probably induced by droplet micro-explosions. To determine nanoparticle size distributions, an appropriate filter and the averaging of single-shot data were applied to ensure scattering from a significant amount of nanoparticles homogeneously distributed in the measurement volume. From the multivariate analysis of the scattering data, the presence of spherical particles and fractal aggregates was derived, which was confirmed by analysis of transmission electron microscopy images. Monte Carlo simulations allowed determining the distribution parameters for both morphological fractions in three heights above the burner. The results showed relatively wide size distributions, especially for the spherical fraction, and indicated an ongoing sintering, from fractal to spherical particles.
format	article
author	Simon Aßmann Bettina Münsterjohann Franz J. T. Huber Stefan Will
author_facet	Simon Aßmann Bettina Münsterjohann Franz J. T. Huber Stefan Will
author_sort	Simon Aßmann
title	In Situ Determination of Droplet and Nanoparticle Size Distributions in Spray Flame Synthesis by Wide-Angle Light Scattering (WALS)
title_short	In Situ Determination of Droplet and Nanoparticle Size Distributions in Spray Flame Synthesis by Wide-Angle Light Scattering (WALS)
title_full	In Situ Determination of Droplet and Nanoparticle Size Distributions in Spray Flame Synthesis by Wide-Angle Light Scattering (WALS)
title_fullStr	In Situ Determination of Droplet and Nanoparticle Size Distributions in Spray Flame Synthesis by Wide-Angle Light Scattering (WALS)
title_full_unstemmed	In Situ Determination of Droplet and Nanoparticle Size Distributions in Spray Flame Synthesis by Wide-Angle Light Scattering (WALS)
title_sort	in situ determination of droplet and nanoparticle size distributions in spray flame synthesis by wide-angle light scattering (wals)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/913cb52bfcb043419b9a26e28664ba93
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In Situ Determination of Droplet and Nanoparticle Size Distributions in Spray Flame Synthesis by Wide-Angle Light Scattering (WALS)

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