Parafoveal processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information during reading Arabic: A boundary paradigm investigation.

Evidence shows that skilled readers extract information about upcoming words in the parafovea. Using the boundary paradigm, we investigated native Arabic readers' processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information available parafoveally. Target words were embedded in frame sent...

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Autores principales:	Ehab W Hermena, Eida J Juma, Maryam AlJassmi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/914631b9068c43e983c584b3a34e962f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:914631b9068c43e983c584b3a34e962f2021-12-02T20:18:53ZParafoveal processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information during reading Arabic: A boundary paradigm investigation.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254745https://doaj.org/article/914631b9068c43e983c584b3a34e962f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254745https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Evidence shows that skilled readers extract information about upcoming words in the parafovea. Using the boundary paradigm, we investigated native Arabic readers' processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information available parafoveally. Target words were embedded in frame sentences, and prior to readers fixating them, one of the following previews were made available: (a) Identity preview; (b) Preview that shared the pattern morpheme with the target; (c) Preview that shared the root morpheme with the target; (d) Preview that was a synonym with the target word; (e) Preview with two of the root letters were transposed thus creating a new root, while preserving all letter identities of the target; (f) Preview with two of the root letters were transposed thus creating a pronounceable pseudo root, while also preserving all letter identities of the target; and (g) Previews that was unrelated to the target word and shared no information with it. The results showed that identity, root-preserving, and synonymous preview conditions yielded preview benefit. On the other hand, no benefit was obtained from the pattern-preserving previews, and significant disruption to processing was obtained from the previews that contained transposed root letters, particularly when this letter transposition created a new real root. The results thus reflect Arabic readers' dependance on morphological and semantic information, and suggest that these levels of representation are accessed as early as orthographic information. Implications for theory- and model-building, and the need to accommodate early morphological and semantic processing activities in more comprehensive models are further discussed.Ehab W HermenaEida J JumaMaryam AlJassmiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0254745 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ehab W Hermena Eida J Juma Maryam AlJassmi Parafoveal processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information during reading Arabic: A boundary paradigm investigation.
description	Evidence shows that skilled readers extract information about upcoming words in the parafovea. Using the boundary paradigm, we investigated native Arabic readers' processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information available parafoveally. Target words were embedded in frame sentences, and prior to readers fixating them, one of the following previews were made available: (a) Identity preview; (b) Preview that shared the pattern morpheme with the target; (c) Preview that shared the root morpheme with the target; (d) Preview that was a synonym with the target word; (e) Preview with two of the root letters were transposed thus creating a new root, while preserving all letter identities of the target; (f) Preview with two of the root letters were transposed thus creating a pronounceable pseudo root, while also preserving all letter identities of the target; and (g) Previews that was unrelated to the target word and shared no information with it. The results showed that identity, root-preserving, and synonymous preview conditions yielded preview benefit. On the other hand, no benefit was obtained from the pattern-preserving previews, and significant disruption to processing was obtained from the previews that contained transposed root letters, particularly when this letter transposition created a new real root. The results thus reflect Arabic readers' dependance on morphological and semantic information, and suggest that these levels of representation are accessed as early as orthographic information. Implications for theory- and model-building, and the need to accommodate early morphological and semantic processing activities in more comprehensive models are further discussed.
format	article
author	Ehab W Hermena Eida J Juma Maryam AlJassmi
author_facet	Ehab W Hermena Eida J Juma Maryam AlJassmi
author_sort	Ehab W Hermena
title	Parafoveal processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information during reading Arabic: A boundary paradigm investigation.
title_short	Parafoveal processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information during reading Arabic: A boundary paradigm investigation.
title_full	Parafoveal processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information during reading Arabic: A boundary paradigm investigation.
title_fullStr	Parafoveal processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information during reading Arabic: A boundary paradigm investigation.
title_full_unstemmed	Parafoveal processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information during reading Arabic: A boundary paradigm investigation.
title_sort	parafoveal processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information during reading arabic: a boundary paradigm investigation.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/914631b9068c43e983c584b3a34e962f
work_keys_str_mv	AT ehabwhermena parafovealprocessingoforthographicmorphologicalandsemanticinformationduringreadingarabicaboundaryparadigminvestigation AT eidajjuma parafovealprocessingoforthographicmorphologicalandsemanticinformationduringreadingarabicaboundaryparadigminvestigation AT maryamaljassmi parafovealprocessingoforthographicmorphologicalandsemanticinformationduringreadingarabicaboundaryparadigminvestigation
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Parafoveal processing of orthographic, morphological, and semantic information during reading Arabic: A boundary paradigm investigation.

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