Genetic Diversity of Polymorphic Marker Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (Msp-1) and 2 (Msp-2) Genes of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates From Malaria Endemic Region of Pakistan

Background: Understanding the genetic diversity of Plasmodium species through polymorphic studies can assist in designing more effective control strategies of malaria like new drug formulation and development of a vaccine. Pakistan is moderate endemic for Plasmodium falciparum, but little is known a...

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Autores principales:	Shahid Niaz Khan, Rehman Ali, Sanaullah Khan, Muhammad Rooman, Sadia Norin, Shehzad Zareen, Ijaz Ali, Sultan Ayaz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity polymorphism msp-1 and msp-2 genes nested PCR Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/914f8aa10ac94867b6d656a1ed701140
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:914f8aa10ac94867b6d656a1ed7011402021-11-17T06:04:12ZGenetic Diversity of Polymorphic Marker Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (Msp-1) and 2 (Msp-2) Genes of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates From Malaria Endemic Region of Pakistan1664-802110.3389/fgene.2021.751552https://doaj.org/article/914f8aa10ac94867b6d656a1ed7011402021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.751552/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021Background: Understanding the genetic diversity of Plasmodium species through polymorphic studies can assist in designing more effective control strategies of malaria like new drug formulation and development of a vaccine. Pakistan is moderate endemic for Plasmodium falciparum, but little is known about the genetic diversity of this parasite. This study aimed to investigate the molecular diversity of P. falciparum based on msp-1 and msp-2 genes in the malaria-endemic regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Methods: A total of 199/723 blood samples, tested positive by microscopy for falciparum malaria, were collected from four districts (Dera Ismail Khan, Karak, Mardan, and Peshawar) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Nested PCR amplification technique was employed to target block 2 of msp-1 and the central domain of msp-2 genes, including their respective allelic families K1, MAD20, RO33, FC27, and 3D7/IC, and to detect the extent of genetic diversity of P. falciparum clinical isolates.Results: Among the 199 microscopy-positive P. falciparum samples, a total of 192 were confirmed using PCR. Ninety-seven amplicons were observed for msp-1 and 95 for msp-2. A total of 33 genotypes, 17 for msp-1 (eight K1, six MAD20, and three RO33) and 16 for msp-2 (nine FC27 and seven 3D7/IC), were identified. The specific allelic frequency of the K1 family was higher (44.3%) than that of MAD20 (33.0%) and RO33 (23.0%) for msp-1, while the FC27 allelic family was dominant (60.0%) compared with 3D7/IC (40.0%) for msp-2. No polyclonal infection was observed in msp-1 and msp-2. The expected heterozygosity was 0.98 and 0.97 for msp-1 and msp-2, respectively.Conclusion: It was concluded that the P. falciparum populations are highly polymorphic, and diverse allelic variants of msp-1 and msp-2 are present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Shahid Niaz KhanRehman AliSanaullah KhanMuhammad RoomanSadia NorinShehzad ZareenIjaz AliSultan AyazFrontiers Media S.A.articlePlasmodium falciparumgenetic diversitypolymorphismmsp-1 and msp-2 genesnested PCRKhyber PakhtunkhwaGeneticsQH426-470ENFrontiers in Genetics, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity polymorphism msp-1 and msp-2 genes nested PCR Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity polymorphism msp-1 and msp-2 genes nested PCR Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Genetics QH426-470 Shahid Niaz Khan Rehman Ali Sanaullah Khan Muhammad Rooman Sadia Norin Shehzad Zareen Ijaz Ali Sultan Ayaz Genetic Diversity of Polymorphic Marker Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (Msp-1) and 2 (Msp-2) Genes of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates From Malaria Endemic Region of Pakistan
description	Background: Understanding the genetic diversity of Plasmodium species through polymorphic studies can assist in designing more effective control strategies of malaria like new drug formulation and development of a vaccine. Pakistan is moderate endemic for Plasmodium falciparum, but little is known about the genetic diversity of this parasite. This study aimed to investigate the molecular diversity of P. falciparum based on msp-1 and msp-2 genes in the malaria-endemic regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Methods: A total of 199/723 blood samples, tested positive by microscopy for falciparum malaria, were collected from four districts (Dera Ismail Khan, Karak, Mardan, and Peshawar) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Nested PCR amplification technique was employed to target block 2 of msp-1 and the central domain of msp-2 genes, including their respective allelic families K1, MAD20, RO33, FC27, and 3D7/IC, and to detect the extent of genetic diversity of P. falciparum clinical isolates.Results: Among the 199 microscopy-positive P. falciparum samples, a total of 192 were confirmed using PCR. Ninety-seven amplicons were observed for msp-1 and 95 for msp-2. A total of 33 genotypes, 17 for msp-1 (eight K1, six MAD20, and three RO33) and 16 for msp-2 (nine FC27 and seven 3D7/IC), were identified. The specific allelic frequency of the K1 family was higher (44.3%) than that of MAD20 (33.0%) and RO33 (23.0%) for msp-1, while the FC27 allelic family was dominant (60.0%) compared with 3D7/IC (40.0%) for msp-2. No polyclonal infection was observed in msp-1 and msp-2. The expected heterozygosity was 0.98 and 0.97 for msp-1 and msp-2, respectively.Conclusion: It was concluded that the P. falciparum populations are highly polymorphic, and diverse allelic variants of msp-1 and msp-2 are present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
format	article
author	Shahid Niaz Khan Rehman Ali Sanaullah Khan Muhammad Rooman Sadia Norin Shehzad Zareen Ijaz Ali Sultan Ayaz
author_facet	Shahid Niaz Khan Rehman Ali Sanaullah Khan Muhammad Rooman Sadia Norin Shehzad Zareen Ijaz Ali Sultan Ayaz
author_sort	Shahid Niaz Khan
title	Genetic Diversity of Polymorphic Marker Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (Msp-1) and 2 (Msp-2) Genes of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates From Malaria Endemic Region of Pakistan
title_short	Genetic Diversity of Polymorphic Marker Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (Msp-1) and 2 (Msp-2) Genes of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates From Malaria Endemic Region of Pakistan
title_full	Genetic Diversity of Polymorphic Marker Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (Msp-1) and 2 (Msp-2) Genes of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates From Malaria Endemic Region of Pakistan
title_fullStr	Genetic Diversity of Polymorphic Marker Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (Msp-1) and 2 (Msp-2) Genes of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates From Malaria Endemic Region of Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed	Genetic Diversity of Polymorphic Marker Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (Msp-1) and 2 (Msp-2) Genes of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates From Malaria Endemic Region of Pakistan
title_sort	genetic diversity of polymorphic marker merozoite surface protein 1 (msp-1) and 2 (msp-2) genes of plasmodium falciparum isolates from malaria endemic region of pakistan
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/914f8aa10ac94867b6d656a1ed701140
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Genetic Diversity of Polymorphic Marker Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (Msp-1) and 2 (Msp-2) Genes of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates From Malaria Endemic Region of Pakistan

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