Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice

ABSTRACT Fluoridation of drinking water and dental products prevents dental caries primarily by inhibiting energy harvest in oral cariogenic bacteria (such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis), thus leading to their depletion. However, the extent to which oral and gut microbial commu...

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Autores principales:	Koji Yasuda, Tiffany Hsu, Carey A. Gallini, Lauren J. Mclver, Emma Schwager, Andy Shi, Casey R. DuLong, Randall N. Schwager, Galeb S. Abu-Ali, Eric A. Franzosa, Wendy S. Garrett, Curtis Huttenhower, Xochitl C. Morgan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	16S rRNA sequencing fluoridation fluoride gut microbiome mouse oral microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/91531918179a4700924bdcda6e2ab744
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:91531918179a4700924bdcda6e2ab7442021-12-02T18:39:32ZFluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice10.1128/mSystems.00047-172379-5077https://doaj.org/article/91531918179a4700924bdcda6e2ab7442017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00047-17https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Fluoridation of drinking water and dental products prevents dental caries primarily by inhibiting energy harvest in oral cariogenic bacteria (such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis), thus leading to their depletion. However, the extent to which oral and gut microbial communities are affected by host fluoride exposure has been underexplored. In this study, we modeled human fluoride exposures to municipal water and dental products by treating mice with low or high levels of fluoride over a 12-week period. We then used 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to assess fluoride’s effects on oral and gut microbiome composition and function. In both the low- and high-fluoride groups, several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to acidogenic bacterial genera (such as Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, and Bilophila) were depleted in the oral community. In addition, fluoride-associated changes in oral community composition resulted in depletion of gene families involved in central carbon metabolism and energy harvest (2-oxoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, succinate dehydrogenase, and the glyoxylate cycle). In contrast, fluoride treatment did not induce a significant shift in gut microbial community composition or function in our mouse model, possibly due to absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Fluoride-associated perturbations thus appeared to have a selective effect on the composition of the oral but not gut microbial community in mice. Future studies will be necessary to understand possible implications of fluoride exposure for the human microbiome. IMPORTANCE Fluoride has been added to drinking water and dental products since the 1950s. The beneficial effects of fluoride on oral health are due to its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause dental caries. Despite widespread human consumption of fluoride, there have been only two studies of humans that considered the effect of fluoride on human-associated microbial communities, which are increasingly understood to play important roles in health and disease. Notably, neither of these studies included a true cross-sectional control lacking fluoride exposure, as study subjects continued baseline fluoride treatment in their daily dental hygiene routines. To our knowledge, this work (in mice) is the first controlled study to assess the independent effects of fluoride exposure on the oral and gut microbial communities. Investigating how fluoride interacts with host-associated microbial communities in this controlled setting represents an effort toward understanding how common environmental exposures may potentially influence health.Koji YasudaTiffany HsuCarey A. GalliniLauren J. MclverEmma SchwagerAndy ShiCasey R. DuLongRandall N. SchwagerGaleb S. Abu-AliEric A. FranzosaWendy S. GarrettCurtis HuttenhowerXochitl C. MorganAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticle16S rRNA sequencingfluoridationfluoridegut microbiomemouseoral microbiomeMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 2, Iss 4 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	16S rRNA sequencing fluoridation fluoride gut microbiome mouse oral microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	16S rRNA sequencing fluoridation fluoride gut microbiome mouse oral microbiome Microbiology QR1-502 Koji Yasuda Tiffany Hsu Carey A. Gallini Lauren J. Mclver Emma Schwager Andy Shi Casey R. DuLong Randall N. Schwager Galeb S. Abu-Ali Eric A. Franzosa Wendy S. Garrett Curtis Huttenhower Xochitl C. Morgan Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice
description	ABSTRACT Fluoridation of drinking water and dental products prevents dental caries primarily by inhibiting energy harvest in oral cariogenic bacteria (such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis), thus leading to their depletion. However, the extent to which oral and gut microbial communities are affected by host fluoride exposure has been underexplored. In this study, we modeled human fluoride exposures to municipal water and dental products by treating mice with low or high levels of fluoride over a 12-week period. We then used 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to assess fluoride’s effects on oral and gut microbiome composition and function. In both the low- and high-fluoride groups, several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to acidogenic bacterial genera (such as Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, and Bilophila) were depleted in the oral community. In addition, fluoride-associated changes in oral community composition resulted in depletion of gene families involved in central carbon metabolism and energy harvest (2-oxoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, succinate dehydrogenase, and the glyoxylate cycle). In contrast, fluoride treatment did not induce a significant shift in gut microbial community composition or function in our mouse model, possibly due to absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Fluoride-associated perturbations thus appeared to have a selective effect on the composition of the oral but not gut microbial community in mice. Future studies will be necessary to understand possible implications of fluoride exposure for the human microbiome. IMPORTANCE Fluoride has been added to drinking water and dental products since the 1950s. The beneficial effects of fluoride on oral health are due to its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause dental caries. Despite widespread human consumption of fluoride, there have been only two studies of humans that considered the effect of fluoride on human-associated microbial communities, which are increasingly understood to play important roles in health and disease. Notably, neither of these studies included a true cross-sectional control lacking fluoride exposure, as study subjects continued baseline fluoride treatment in their daily dental hygiene routines. To our knowledge, this work (in mice) is the first controlled study to assess the independent effects of fluoride exposure on the oral and gut microbial communities. Investigating how fluoride interacts with host-associated microbial communities in this controlled setting represents an effort toward understanding how common environmental exposures may potentially influence health.
format	article
author	Koji Yasuda Tiffany Hsu Carey A. Gallini Lauren J. Mclver Emma Schwager Andy Shi Casey R. DuLong Randall N. Schwager Galeb S. Abu-Ali Eric A. Franzosa Wendy S. Garrett Curtis Huttenhower Xochitl C. Morgan
author_facet	Koji Yasuda Tiffany Hsu Carey A. Gallini Lauren J. Mclver Emma Schwager Andy Shi Casey R. DuLong Randall N. Schwager Galeb S. Abu-Ali Eric A. Franzosa Wendy S. Garrett Curtis Huttenhower Xochitl C. Morgan
author_sort	Koji Yasuda
title	Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice
title_short	Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice
title_full	Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice
title_fullStr	Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice
title_full_unstemmed	Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice
title_sort	fluoride depletes acidogenic taxa in oral but not gut microbial communities in mice
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/91531918179a4700924bdcda6e2ab744
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Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice

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